Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
Unidad de Vigilancia de la Salud, Secretaría de Salud de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
PLoS One. 2021 Feb 4;16(2):e0246379. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246379. eCollection 2021.
Seasonal influenza is a highly contagious vaccine-preventable disease that may cause high morbidity and mortality in susceptible populations. Healthcare workers are a priority group for seasonal influenza vaccination to protect them from contracting influenza and prevent nosocomial transmission to patients. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of seasonal influenza vaccination among healthcare workers in Honduras.
From August 24 to October 21, 2018, we conducted a cross-sectional KAP survey regarding seasonal influenza vaccination to a random sample of healthcare workers who attended patients in hospitals of the Ministry of Health of Honduras (SESAL) and Honduran Social Security Institute (IHSS). We reported frequency distributions of demographics, vaccination KAP, sources of information, and reasons for non-vaccination. We used principal components factor analysis to create knowledge and attitude scores. We used linear regression to analyze associations between demographics and sources of information about the influenza vaccine, and knowledge and attitude scores. We used logistic regression to analyze associations between demographics, sources of information, knowledge scores, and attitude scores, and influenza vaccination.
We surveyed 947 healthcare workers who attended patients in 13 SESAL hospitals and two IHSS hospitals. Only 4.6% of participants knew the seasonal influenza vaccine was composed of inactivated viruses, 94.7% believed vaccination causes flu-like symptoms, and 52.0% were vaccinated for influenza in 2018. Knowledge scores were lower for nursing assistants and other healthcare professionals compared to doctors, and higher for healthcare workers who attended a healthcare facility training (P-values≤0.030). Attitude scores were higher for healthcare workers who attended ≥11 patients per day having ≤10 patients per day as reference, self-reported influenza vaccination in previous year, and cited trainings and informal information at the healthcare facility as sources of information for influenza vaccination (P-values≤0.030). Factors associated with self-reported vaccination were self-reported influenza vaccination in previous year (aOR: 7.61; 95% CI: 5.24-11.04), attitude score (aOR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.07-1.21), and worked in a SESAL hospital (aOR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.12-2.68) having IHSS as reference.
Although influenza vaccination is required by law in Honduras and available for free in public health centers, coverage of healthcare workers in 2018 was half that reported in 2017. Lower coverage may be attributed to misconceptions of vaccination side effects.
季节性流感是一种高度传染性的疫苗可预防疾病，可能导致易感人群发病率和死亡率升高。医护人员是季节性流感疫苗接种的重点人群，以保护他们免受流感感染，并防止医院内传播给患者。本研究旨在评估洪都拉斯医护人员季节性流感疫苗接种的知识、态度和实践（KAP）。
2018 年 8 月 24 日至 10 月 21 日，我们对洪都拉斯卫生部（SESAL）和洪都拉斯社会保障研究所（IHSS）医院就诊的医护人员进行了一项关于季节性流感疫苗接种的横断面 KAP 调查。我们报告了人口统计学、疫苗接种 KAP、信息来源和未接种疫苗的原因的频率分布。我们使用主成分因子分析创建知识和态度评分。我们使用线性回归分析了人口统计学和流感疫苗信息来源与知识和态度评分之间的关联。我们使用逻辑回归分析了人口统计学、信息来源、知识评分和态度评分与流感疫苗接种之间的关联。
我们调查了 13 家 SESAL 医院和 2 家 IHSS 医院的 947 名就诊患者的医护人员。只有 4.6%的参与者知道季节性流感疫苗由灭活病毒组成，94.7%的人认为接种疫苗会引起类似流感的症状，52.0%的人在 2018 年接种了流感疫苗。与医生相比，护理助理和其他医护人员的知识评分较低，而参加医疗机构培训的医护人员的知识评分较高（P 值≤0.030）。与每天就诊≤10 名患者相比，每天就诊≥11 名患者的医护人员的态度评分较高，且报告过去一年接种过流感疫苗，以及将医疗机构培训和非正式信息作为流感疫苗接种信息来源的医护人员的态度评分较高（P 值≤0.030）。与自我报告接种相关的因素包括过去一年自我报告接种流感疫苗（优势比：7.61；95%置信区间：5.24-11.04）、态度评分（优势比：1.14；95%置信区间：1.07-1.21）和在 SESAL 医院工作（优势比：1.73；95%置信区间：1.12-2.68），以 IHSS 为参照。
尽管洪都拉斯法律要求医护人员接种流感疫苗，且公共卫生中心可免费提供疫苗，但 2018 年医护人员的接种率仅为 2017 年报告的一半。接种率较低可能归因于对接种副作用的误解。
