Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK.
Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Brunel University London, London, UK.
Appl Ergon. 2021 May;93:103376. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103376. Epub 2021 Feb 1.
Carrying heavy loads results in biomechanical changes to gait and to an increased risk of injury in soldiers. The aim of this review is to examine the effects of military specific load carriage on the gait of soldiers. The Web of Science, PubMed and CINAHL databases were searched, a total of 1239 records were screened and 20 papers were included in the review. Participant, load and task characteristics and a summary of key findings were extracted. Due to heterogeneity in the reviewed studies, analysis was restricted to qualitative synthesis. There were limited effects on spatio-temporal variables but consistently reported increased trunk, hip and knee flexion and increased hip and knee extension moments. Muscle activation of lower limb and trunk muscles were also increased with loads. However, there were some conflicting findings for most parameters reviewed and apart from spatio-temporal parameters the findings of this review were in line with previous reviews of combined military and civilian populations.
背负重物会导致士兵步态的生物力学变化，并增加受伤的风险。本综述的目的是研究特定军事负重对士兵步态的影响。检索了 Web of Science、PubMed 和 CINAHL 数据库，共筛选出 1239 条记录，其中 20 篇论文被纳入综述。提取了参与者、负荷和任务特征以及关键发现的摘要。由于综述研究的异质性，分析仅限于定性综合。在时空变量上的影响有限，但一致报告了增加的躯干、臀部和膝关节屈曲以及增加的髋关节和膝关节伸展力矩。下肢和躯干肌肉的肌肉激活也随负荷增加而增加。然而，对于大多数被审查的参数，都存在一些相互矛盾的发现，除了时空参数外，本综述的发现与以前对军事和民用混合人群的综述结果一致。
