Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Box 714, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2021 Mar;289:102366. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102366. Epub 2021 Jan 20.
Colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted significant attention due to their unique physicochemical properties suitable for diagnosing and treating different human diseases. Nevertheless, the successful implementation of NPs in medicine demands a proper understanding of their interactions with the different proteins found in biological fluids. Once introduced into the body, NPs are covered by a protein corona (PC) that determines the biological behavior of the NPs. The formation of the PC can eventually favor the rapid clearance of the NPs from the body before fulfilling the desired objective or lead to increased cytotoxicity. The PC nature varies as a function of the different repulsive and attractive forces that govern the NP-protein interaction and their colloidal stability. This review focuses on the phenomenon of PC formation on NPs from a physicochemical perspective, aiming to provide a general overview of this critical process. Main issues related to NP toxicity and clearance from the body as a result of protein adsorption are covered, including the most promising strategies to control PC formation and, thereby, ensure the successful application of NPs in nanomedicine.
胶体纳米粒子 (NPs) 因其独特的物理化学性质而备受关注，这些性质适合用于诊断和治疗人类的各种疾病。然而，要想成功将 NPs 应用于医学领域，就需要充分了解它们与生物流体中不同蛋白质的相互作用。 NPs 进入体内后，会被一层蛋白质冠 (PC) 所覆盖，这层 PC 决定了 NPs 的生物学行为。PC 的形成最终可能导致 NPs 在达到预期目标之前就被迅速从体内清除，或者导致细胞毒性增加。PC 的性质随支配 NP-蛋白相互作用及其胶体稳定性的各种斥力和引力而变化。本综述从物理化学角度重点关注了 NP 上 PC 形成的现象，旨在对这一关键过程提供一个全面概述。文中涵盖了与蛋白质吸附导致的 NP 毒性和从体内清除相关的主要问题，包括控制 PC 形成的最有前途的策略，从而确保 NPs 在纳米医学中的成功应用。
