Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Apr 1;212:111986. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111986. Epub 2021 Feb 2.
Population exposure to environmental contaminants can be precisely observed through human biomonitoring studies. The present study aimed to systematically review all the biomonitoring studies conducted in Iran on some selected carcinogen environmental pollutants. In this systematic review study, 11 carcinogen agents were selected including arsenic, cadmium, chromium, nickel, lindane, benzene, trichloroethylene (TCE), pentachlorophenol (PCP), radon-222, radium-224, - 226, - 228, and tobacco smoke. The Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles published in English. After several screening steps, data were extracted from the studies. Meta-analyses (a random-effect model using the DerSimonian-Laired method) were performed only for the biomarkers with more than three eligible articles, including cadmium in blood and breast milk, and arsenic in breast milk. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale adapted for cross-sectional studies. Of the 610 articles found in the database search, 30 studies were eligible for qualitative review, and 13 were included in the meta-analysis (cadmium in blood (n = 3), cadmium in breast milk (n = 6), and arsenic in breast milk (n = 4)). The overall pooled average concentrations (95% CI) of cadmium in blood, cadmium in breast milk, and arsenic in breast milk were 0.11 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.14), 5.38 (95% CI: 3.60, 6.96), and 1.42 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.81) µg/L, respectively. These values were compared with the biomarker concentrations in other countries and health-based guideline values. This study showed that there is a need for comprehensive action plans to reduce the exposure of general population to these environmental contaminants.
人群暴露于环境污染物可通过人体生物监测研究进行准确观察。本研究旨在系统综述伊朗开展的所有有关某些选定的环境致癌物污染物的生物监测研究。在这项系统综述研究中，选择了 11 种致癌剂，包括砷、镉、铬、镍、林丹、苯、三氯乙烯（TCE）、五氯苯酚（PCP）、氡-222、镭-224、-226、-228 和烟草烟雾。通过 Web of Science、PubMed 和 Scopus 数据库检索了已发表的英文同行评审文章。经过多次筛选步骤，从研究中提取了数据。仅对具有超过三篇合格文章的生物标志物进行了荟萃分析（使用 DerSimonian-Laired 方法的随机效应模型），包括血液和母乳中的镉以及母乳中的砷。使用针对横断面研究改编的纽卡斯尔-渥太华质量评估量表评估了研究的方法学质量。在数据库搜索中发现的 610 篇文章中，有 30 篇文章符合定性审查标准，有 13 篇文章纳入荟萃分析（血液中的镉（n=3）、母乳中的镉（n=6）和母乳中的砷（n=4））。血液中镉、母乳中镉和母乳中砷的总体平均浓度（95%CI）分别为 0.11（95%CI：0.08，0.14）、5.38（95%CI：3.60，6.96）和 1.42（95%CI：1.02，1.81）μg/L。这些值与其他国家的生物标志物浓度和基于健康的指导值进行了比较。本研究表明，需要制定全面的行动计划来减少普通人群对这些环境污染物的暴露。
