Friedman L
Psychoanal Q. 1977;46(4):623-49.
Freud's revolution may be viewed as the discovery of a way of locating in the mind objective entities which can be studied like physical things. If Freud's is representative of scientific revolutions, perhaps what Thomas Kuhn has described as a change of paradigm might generally consist of the demonstration of new entities. This particular revolution occurred in the setting of a prevalent concern about the entities underlying all of the sciences. Because of his genius for structural thought, Freud was able to respond satisfactorily to a challenge that all the sciences were facing. It is that common challenge rather than a popular exemplary model, such as mechanics or hydraulics, that shaped Freud's theory.
弗洛伊德的变革可被视为发现了一种在心智中定位客观实体的方法,这些实体能够像物理事物一样被研究。如果弗洛伊德的理论代表了科学革命,那么或许托马斯·库恩所描述的范式转变通常可能包括新实体的证明。这场特殊的革命发生在对所有科学背后的实体普遍关注的背景下。由于他在结构思维方面的天赋,弗洛伊德能够令人满意地应对所有科学都面临的挑战。塑造弗洛伊德理论的是这一共同挑战,而非诸如力学或液压学等流行的典范模型。