Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul [Instituto Federal de Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul], Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Center for Livestock Farming Research, Teaching and Extension [Núcleo de Pesquisa, Ensino e Extensão em Pecuária] (NUPEEC), Federal University of Pelotas [Universidade Federal de Pelotas], Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2021 Feb 4;53(1):152. doi: 10.1007/s11250-021-02601-w.
Crossbreeding is used to increase production and disease resistance in adult animals, and there is no research to assess the performance of animals in the early stages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the zootechnical and health performance of Holstein x Gir calves (½ HG: ½ Dutch ½ Gir and ¾ HG: ¾ Dutch ¼ Gir), from birth to 80 days of age, and compare metabolic parameters between groups. In this sense, calves were monitored for zootechnical parameters; epidemiological indexes such as morbidity, mortality, recurrence of diarrhea, pneumonia, and other diseases; as well as serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, total proteins, cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin, urea, and paraoxonase1 (PON1). ¾ HG calves showed higher morbidity for diarrhea and remained with diarrhea for longer compared to ½ HG calves, and this was reflected in the average daily weight gain until the 42nd day, with ½ HG calves performing better. There were no differences regarding passive immune transfer between groups, as well as no differences in morbidity and mortality from pneumonia. Regarding biochemical analyses, a difference was found only in the concentrations of PON1, which were higher in ¾ HG calves. The findings show that blood degree influences the occurrence and duration of diarrhea, negatively impacting the zootechnical performance of the animals. Crossbreeding bulls with zebu cattle can be an alternative to increase calf resistance and reduce diarrhea, thus lowering economic losses and improving animal performance.
杂交用于提高成年动物的生产力和抗病能力，但目前没有研究评估早期动物的性能。本研究旨在评估荷斯坦奶牛 x 吉里牛（½ HG：½ 荷兰牛 x ½ 吉里牛和 ¾ HG：¾ 荷兰牛 x ¼ 吉里牛）犊牛从出生到 80 日龄的生产性能和健康性能，并比较两组间的代谢参数。在这方面，对犊牛进行了生产性能参数监测；发病率、死亡率、腹泻复发、肺炎和其他疾病等流行病学指标；以及天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、碱性磷酸酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶、总蛋白、胆固醇、甘油三酯、白蛋白、尿素和对氧磷酶 1（PON1）的血清浓度。¾ HG 犊牛的腹泻发病率较高，且与 ½ HG 犊牛相比腹泻持续时间更长，这反映在第 42 天前的平均日增重上，½ HG 犊牛的表现更好。两组间的被动免疫传递没有差异，肺炎的发病率和死亡率也没有差异。关于生化分析，只有 PON1 的浓度存在差异，¾ HG 犊牛的浓度更高。研究结果表明，血液程度影响腹泻的发生和持续时间，从而对动物的生产性能产生负面影响。用瘤牛公牛杂交可以提高犊牛的抵抗力，减少腹泻，从而降低经济损失，提高动物的生产性能。
