Rashid Hamad Bin, Mushtaq Muhammad Hassan, Sadiq Shakera, Hasan Saima, Chaudhry Mamoona
1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
2Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Lanzhou, China.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020 Oct 12;104(1):329-337. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0208.
The Swat district, a conflict-hit territory due to Taliban militancy, had a damaged local health infrastructure. Animal-bite injuries leading to rabies is one of the major health concerns in developing countries, especially within conflict zones. The current prospective epidemiological study was conducted to estimate the cumulative incidence of animal-bite injuries, to summarize characteristics of bite victims and biting animals, and to collect information about post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) practices in Swat district, Pakistan, during 2014. A questionnaire was designed to collect data about the sociodemography of the patients, bite incident situation (provoked or unprovoked), injury pattern, animal type, PEP, and vaccination. Descriptive analyses were conducted using bar graphs, frequency tables, and chi-square tests were used to determine associations. The cumulative incidence of animal-bite injuries was 39 per 100,000 people during the study period (May-August 2014). The majority of incidents were reported from rural regions (77.7%) and were males (76.6%) younger than 10 years (37.3%). Dogs were the most frequent biting animal (86.8%) followed by rats (4.7%). About 77.7% patients washed their wound before arrival at hospital. After an eclipse phase of 10 days, 44 (10.1%) animals developed sign of rabies. The current study has highlighted a topic of interest for health, education, veterinary, and local government policy makers regarding prevention of animal bites, benefits of PEP, vaccination of human and domestic animals, control of stray dogs, and eradication of rabies in developing countries with damaged healthcare structures.
斯瓦特地区因塔利班武装冲突而遭受破坏，当地的卫生基础设施受损。在发展中国家，尤其是冲突地区，动物咬伤导致狂犬病是主要的健康问题之一。本前瞻性流行病学研究旨在估计2014年巴基斯坦斯瓦特地区动物咬伤的累积发病率，总结咬伤受害者和咬人的动物的特征，并收集暴露后预防措施（PEP）的相关信息。设计了一份问卷，收集患者的社会人口统计学数据、咬伤事件情况（有诱因或无诱因）、损伤模式、动物类型、PEP和疫苗接种情况。使用柱状图进行描述性分析，使用频率表和卡方检验确定关联。在研究期间（2014年5月至8月），动物咬伤的累积发病率为每10万人中有39例。大多数事件报告来自农村地区（77.7%），受害者为男性（76.6%），年龄小于10岁（37.3%）。狗是最常见的咬人动物（86.8%），其次是老鼠（4.7%）。约77.7%的患者在到达医院前清洗了伤口。经过10天的潜伏期，44只（10.1%）动物出现了狂犬病症状。本研究突出了一个对卫生、教育、兽医和地方政府政策制定者来说感兴趣的话题，即关于在医疗结构受损的发展中国家预防动物咬伤、PEP的益处、人类和家畜的疫苗接种、流浪狗的控制以及狂犬病的根除。
