Specialist Medical Practice - Pathologist, Warsaw-Marymont, Poland;
Rom J Morphol Embryol. 2020 Apr-Jun;61(2):587-593. doi: 10.47162/RJME.61.2.32.
Plexus myentericus Auerbachi and Friedreich-Auerbach disease are widely used eponyms that are associated with eminent morphologist Leopold Auerbach (1828-1897), whose life is relatively little known due to limited access to his German-written XIX century biographies and lack of English biographical papers about him in world literature. Hereby we focused on hardly known achievements of Leopold Auerbach in the field of gametogenesis and embryology of invertebrates. Auerbach did not only confirm unicellularity of amoebas, which was previously discovered. He described cleavage of fertilized eggs of Ascaris nigrovenosa and Strongylus auricularis. Moreover, his accurate descriptions on germination of Paracentrotus lividus inspired a recognized German zoologist Oscar Hertwig (1849-1922). Auerbach also profoundly studied an encystation of Oxytricha pellionella on morphological grounds. His descriptions referred to karyokinesis as well as oogenesis and spermatogenesis to discover conjugations of spermatozoa in pairs in the epididymis of a beetle, Dytiscus marginalis. He also distinguished two types of spermatozoa of Paludina vivipara: the hairlike-shaped (German: haarförmigen) and the worm-shaped (wurmförmigen) ones of these fresh water (river) snails. His studies on germination (including cell division during cleavage of nematodes) inspired the others, e.g., Oscar Hertwig, and following generations to conclude that "Auerbach deserves the credit for having provided the first scientific foundation for modern teaching on fertilization" according to professor of anatomy Gustav Born (1851-1900) at Breslau University.
肠肌丛 Auerbach 氏和 Friedreich-Auerbach 病是广泛使用的学名，与杰出的形态学家利奥波德·奥厄巴赫（Leopold Auerbach，1828-1897 年）有关，由于难以获取他用德语撰写的 19 世纪传记以及世界文学中缺乏关于他的英文传记文章，因此他的生平鲜为人知。在此，我们重点介绍利奥波德·奥厄巴赫（Leopold Auerbach）在无脊椎动物配子发生和胚胎学领域鲜为人知的成就。奥厄巴赫不仅证实了先前发现的变形虫的单细胞性。他还描述了 Ascaris nigrovenosa 和 Strongylus auricularis 受精卵的分裂。此外，他对 Paracentrotus lividus 萌发的准确描述启发了著名的德国动物学家奥斯卡·赫特维希（Oscar Hertwig，1849-1922 年）。奥厄巴赫还从形态学的角度深入研究了 Oxytricha pellionella 的包囊形成。他的描述涉及核分裂以及卵母细胞发生和精子发生，以发现鞘翅目昆虫 Dytiscus marginalis 精子在附睾中配对的结合。他还区分了 Paludina vivipara 的两种精子类型：发状形（德语：haarförmigen）和蠕虫形（wurmförmigen），这是这些淡水（河流）蜗牛的精子。他对萌发的研究（包括线虫分裂期间的细胞分裂）启发了其他人，例如奥斯卡·赫特维希（Oscar Hertwig）和后来的几代人，根据布雷斯劳大学解剖学教授古斯塔夫·博恩（Gustav Born，1851-1900 年）的说法，“奥厄巴赫当之无愧地为现代受精教学提供了第一个科学基础”。
