Dudovitz R N, Biely C, Barnert E S, Coker T R, Guerrero A D, Jackson N, Schickedanz A, Szilagyi P G, Iyer S, Chung P J
UCLA Department of Pediatrics and Children's Development and Innovation Institute, United States.
UCLA Department of Pediatrics and Children's Development and Innovation Institute, United States.
Soc Sci Med. 2021 Mar;272:113719. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113719. Epub 2021 Jan 29.
School racial/ethnic segregation in U.S. schoolsDifferences in school racial/ethnic composition may increase health disparities by concentrating educational opportunities that confer long-term health benefits in schools serving predominantly wwhite students. For racial minority students, high concentrations of white students may increase exposure to racismis also associated with psychologicstress, which may ultimately reduceing the long-term health benefits from educational opportunities. Meanwhile associations of racial/ethnic academic tacking within schools and health have been mixed. We sought to test whether: 1) differences in racial/ethnic composition between schools and, 2) racial/ethnic distribution of students in academic tracks within schools are associated with long-term health benefits or risks for white, Black and Latinx students.
We analyzed the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (12,438 participants, collected 1994-2008), to test whether the school-level segregation (percent of non-Latinx white students at participants' school during adolescence) was associated with adult health outcomes at ages 18-26 & 24-32, controlling for contextual factorscomparing Black, Latinx, and white students, and controlling for contextualf factors. A secondary analysis explored whether racial/ethnic cohorting across levels of English courses was associated with each health outcome.
Attending a school with a higher percent of white students was associated with higher adult depression scores, substance abuse, and worse self-rated health for black Black students; lower depression scores, better self-rated health, and alcohol abuse for white students; and no health differences for Latinx students. Greater within school racial/ethnic cohorting across English courses was associated with increased odds of alcohol abuse for white students; decreased odds of alcohol abuse for Black and Latinx students; and decreased odds of drug abuse for Black students.
Among Bblack youth, attending a school with a higher percentage of white students is associated with worse behavioral health in adulthood. Understanding the potential impacts of school racial/ethnic composition on health is critical to designing policies that maximize access to opportunity and health.Education policies should comprehensively address school quality and racism to maximize adult health.
美国学校中的种族/族裔隔离
学校种族/族裔构成的差异可能会加剧健康差距，因为提供长期健康益处的教育机会集中在以白人学生为主的学校。对于少数族裔学生而言，白人学生高度集中可能会增加其遭受种族主义的几率，而种族主义也与心理压力相关，这最终可能会减少教育机会带来的长期健康益处。与此同时，学校内部种族/族裔学业分组与健康之间的关联并不一致。我们试图检验：1）学校之间种族/族裔构成的差异，以及2）学校内各学业分组中学生的种族/族裔分布是否与白人、黑人及拉丁裔学生的长期健康益处或风险相关。
我们分析了青少年到成人健康的全国纵向研究（12438名参与者，收集于1994年至2008年），以检验学校层面的隔离（参与者青少年时期所在学校非拉丁裔白人学生的百分比）是否与18至26岁及24至32岁时的成人健康结果相关，同时控制背景因素，比较黑人、拉丁裔和白人学生，并控制背景因素。一项二次分析探讨了英语课程各水平上的种族/族裔分组是否与每种健康结果相关。
就读于白人学生比例较高学校的黑人学生，成人抑郁得分较高、药物滥用情况较多且自我健康评价较差；白人学生抑郁得分较低、自我健康评价较好且有酒精滥用情况；拉丁裔学生则无健康差异。学校内英语课程中更大程度的种族/族裔分组与白人学生酒精滥用几率增加相关；与黑人和拉丁裔学生酒精滥用几率降低相关；与黑人学生药物滥用几率降低相关。
在黑人青年中，就读于白人学生比例较高的学校与成年期较差的行为健康相关。了解学校种族/族裔构成对健康的潜在影响对于制定能最大限度增加机会和健康获取的政策至关重要。教育政策应全面解决学校质量和种族主义问题，以最大限度提高成人健康水平。
