Traditional Chinese Medicine and orthopedic biomaterials: Host of opportunities from herbal extracts.

The role of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), especially herbs or herbal extracts, in treating diseases has received increasing attention. This review focuses on the use of herbal extracts as signaling molecules and functional materials in the field of orthopedics, biomaterial science and bone tissue engineering strategies. A literature review using both Chinese and English references on herbs and herbal extracts based on TCM theory used in orthopedics and biomaterial science was performed. We discuss the efficacy of herbs, the active extracts from these herbs, the combination of herbal extracts and biomaterials and, finally, the application of herbal extracts to the biomaterials specific to orthopedics. Only a few studies have confirmed the feasibility of applying herbal extracts to biomaterials to improve the role of biomaterials and/or optimize drug delivery and release in orthopedics. In this context, this review reveals a new and promising direction for herbal extracts, where the use of herbal extracts based on TCM systemic treatment, can change the limited modern medicine view of biomaterials as "only for local treatment" when considering its efficacy.