Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 3;18(4):1416. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041416.
Given the drastic changes in our lifestyles and ecosystems worldwide, the potential health effects of natural environments have grown into a highly pervasive topic. Recent scientific findings suggest beneficial effects from nature exposure on human immune responses. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of literature published on immunomodulatory effects of nature exposure by inhalation of natural substances. A systematic database search was performed in SCOPUS and PubMed. The quality and potential bias of included studies (n = 33) were assessed by applying the EPHPP (Effective Public Health Practice Project) tool for human studies and the ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) and SYRCLE (Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation) tools for animal studies. The synthesis of reviewed studies points to positive effects of nature exposure on immunological health parameters; such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-asthmatic effects or increased NK (natural killer) cell activity. Decreased expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, infiltration of leukocytes and release of cytotoxic mediators are outcomes that may serve as a baseline for further studies. However, partially weak study designs evoked uncertainties about outcome reproducibility and key questions remain open concerning effect sizes, duration of exposure and contributions of specific vegetation or ecosystem types.
鉴于全球生活方式和生态系统的剧烈变化，自然环境对健康的潜在影响已成为一个备受关注的话题。最近的科学发现表明，暴露于自然环境中对人类免疫反应有有益的影响。本综述旨在全面概述通过吸入天然物质暴露于自然环境对免疫调节作用的文献。在 SCOPUS 和 PubMed 中进行了系统的数据库搜索。通过应用 EPHPP（有效公共卫生实践项目）工具对人类研究和 ARRIVE（动物研究：体内实验报告）和 SYRCLE（实验室动物实验系统评价中心）工具对动物研究评估了纳入研究的质量和潜在偏倚（n = 33）。综述研究的综合结果表明，暴露于自然环境对免疫健康参数有积极影响，例如抗炎、抗过敏、抗哮喘作用或增加自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞活性。减少促炎分子的表达、白细胞浸润和细胞毒性介质的释放是可能作为进一步研究基础的结果。然而，部分较弱的研究设计引起了对结果可重复性的不确定性，并且关于暴露时间、特定植被或生态系统类型的作用大小和贡献等关键问题仍然存在。
