Gustavson Daniel E, Panizzon Matthew S, Kremen William S, Reynolds Chandra A, Pahlen Shandell, Nygaard Marianne, Wod Mette, Catts Vibeke S, Lee Teresa, Gatz Margaret, Franz Carol E
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1420B Medical Center East, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Behav Genet. 2021 Mar;51(2):99-109. doi: 10.1007/s10519-021-10048-w. Epub 2021 Feb 6.
Despite the relevance of semantic fluency measures to risk for dementia and psychiatric disorders, little is known about their genetic and environmental architecture in mid-to-late life. Participants represent 21,684 middle-aged and older adult twins (M = 60.84 years, SD = 11.21; Range 40-89) from six studies from three countries participating in the Interplay of Genes and Environment across Multiple Studies (IGEMS) consortium. All completed the same measure of semantic fluency (naming animals in 60 seconds). Results revealed small-to-moderate phenotypic associations with age and education, with education more strongly and positively associated with fluency performance in females than males. Heritability and environmental influences did not vary by age. Environmental variance was smaller with higher levels of education, but this effect was observed only in males. This is the largest study to examine the genetic and environmental architecture of semantic fluency, and the first to demonstrate that environmental influences vary based on levels of education.
尽管语义流畅性测量与痴呆症和精神疾病风险相关，但对于其在中年到老年阶段的遗传和环境结构却知之甚少。参与者来自三个国家六项研究中的21684名中老年双胞胎（平均年龄M = 60.84岁，标准差SD = 11.21；年龄范围40 - 89岁），这些研究参与了多研究基因与环境相互作用（IGEMS）联盟。所有人都完成了相同的语义流畅性测量（在60秒内说出动物名称）。结果显示，语义流畅性与年龄和教育程度存在小到中等程度的表型关联，教育程度与女性流畅性表现的正相关比男性更强。遗传力和环境影响并不随年龄变化。教育程度越高，环境方差越小，但这种效应仅在男性中观察到。这是研究语义流畅性遗传和环境结构的最大规模研究，也是首个证明环境影响因教育程度而异的研究。
