Luczak Susan E, Beam Christopher R, Pahlen Shandell, Lynch Morgan, Pilgrim Matthew, Reynolds Chandra A, Panizzon Matthew S, Catts Vibeke S, Christensen Kaare, Finkel Deborah, Franz Carol E, Kremen William S, Lee Teresa, McGue Matt, Nygaard Marianne, Plassman Brenda L, Whitfield Keith E, Pedersen Nancy L, Gatz Margaret
Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
Intelligence. 2023 Jul-Aug;99. doi: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101759. Epub 2023 May 5.
It is well documented that memory is heritable and that older adults tend to have poorer memory performance than younger adults. However, whether the magnitudes of genetic and environmental contributions to late-life verbal episodic memory ability differ from those at earlier ages remains unresolved. Twins from 12 studies participating in the Interplay of Genes and Environment in Multiple Studies (IGEMS) consortium constituted the analytic sample. Verbal episodic memory was assessed with immediate word list recall ( = 35,204 individuals; 21,792 twin pairs) and prose recall ( = 3,805 individuals; 2,028 twin pairs), with scores harmonized across studies. Average test performance was lower in successively older age groups for both measures. Twin models found significant age moderation for both measures, with total inter-individual variance increasing significantly with age, although it was not possible definitively to attribute the increase specifically to either genetic or environmental sources. Pooled results across all 12 studies were compared to results where we successively dropped each study (leave-one-out) to assure results were not due to an outlier. We conclude the models indicated an overall increase in variance for verbal episodic memory that was driven by a combination of increases in the genetic and nonshared environmental parameters that were not independently statistically significant. In contrast to reported results for other cognitive domains, differences in environmental exposures are comparatively important for verbal episodic memory, especially word list learning.
有充分的文献记载表明，记忆具有遗传性，而且老年人的记忆表现往往比年轻人差。然而，基因和环境对晚年言语情景记忆能力的贡献程度是否与早年不同，仍未得到解决。来自参与多研究基因与环境相互作用（IGEMS）联盟的12项研究中的双胞胎构成了分析样本。通过即时单词列表回忆（n = 35,204人；21,792对双胞胎）和散文回忆（n = 3,805人；2,028对双胞胎）来评估言语情景记忆，各研究的分数进行了统一。对于这两种测量方法，连续年龄较大的年龄组的平均测试表现较低。双胞胎模型发现这两种测量方法都有显著的年龄调节作用，个体间的总方差随年龄显著增加，尽管无法明确将这种增加具体归因于基因或环境因素。将所有12项研究的汇总结果与我们依次剔除每项研究（留一法）后的结果进行比较，以确保结果不是由异常值导致的。我们得出结论，模型表明言语情景记忆的方差总体增加，这是由基因和非共享环境参数的增加共同驱动的，而这些参数在统计上并非独立显著。与其他认知领域的报告结果不同，环境暴露差异对言语情景记忆，尤其是单词列表学习，相对更为重要。
