Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
Department of Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
Life Sci. 2021 Apr 15;271:119152. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119152. Epub 2021 Feb 3.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were considered as accumulated genetic waste until they were found to be gene expression regulators by highly sensitive modern genomics platforms. It is a huge class of non-coding transcripts with an arbitrary length of >200 nucleotides, which has gained much attention in the past few years. Increasing evidence from several experimental studies unraveled the expression of lncRNA linked to immune response and disease progression. However, only a small number of lncRNAs have robust evidence of their function. Differential expression of lncRNAs in different immune cells is also evident. In this review, we focused on how lncRNAs expression assist in shaping immune cells (Macrophages, Dendritic cells, NK cells, T cells, B cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, and microglial cells) function and their response to the diseased conditions. Emerging evidence revealed lncRNAs may serve as key regulators in the innate and adaptive immune response system. So, the molecular mechanism insight into the function of lncRNAs in immune response may contribute to the development of potential therapeutic targets for various disease treatments. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the expression of lncRNAs and understand its relevance associated with the immune system.
长非编码 RNA（lncRNAs）曾被认为是积累的遗传废物，直到它们被高度敏感的现代基因组学平台发现是基因表达的调控因子。这是一个巨大的非编码转录本家族，长度任意，大于 200 个核苷酸，在过去几年中引起了广泛关注。越来越多的实验研究证据揭示了与免疫反应和疾病进展相关的 lncRNA 的表达。然而，只有少数 lncRNAs 具有其功能的可靠证据。不同免疫细胞中 lncRNAs 的差异表达也很明显。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注 lncRNAs 的表达如何帮助塑造免疫细胞（巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、自然杀伤细胞、T 细胞、B 细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、中性粒细胞和小神经胶质细胞）的功能及其对疾病状况的反应。新出现的证据表明，lncRNAs 可能作为先天和适应性免疫反应系统的关键调节因子。因此，深入了解 lncRNAs 在免疫反应中的功能的分子机制可能有助于为各种疾病的治疗开发潜在的治疗靶点。因此，探索 lncRNAs 的表达并了解其与免疫系统的相关性是至关重要的。
