Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark and Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Eur J Nutr. 2021 Sep;60(6):3185-3202. doi: 10.1007/s00394-021-02487-2. Epub 2021 Feb 6.
Age-related decrease in muscle mass is, among several other factors, caused by suboptimal dietary protein intake. The protein intake of the general population has a skewed distribution towards the evening meal. However, it is hypothesised that an intake of protein with an even meal distribution leads to a more frequently maximised protein synthesis. This review investigates whether an even protein distribution is associated with preservation or gain in muscle mass, muscle strength, and protein turnover.
Seven databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase were searched. Studies included had a healthy population between 20 and 85 years of age, with a BMI between 18.5 and 30.0, investigated even vs. skewed protein distribution, and measured skeletal muscle relevant outcomes. Case studies and systematic reviews were excluded. Studies were appraised using the AXIS scale for observational studies and the PEDro scale for the remaining studies.
Fifteen studies met the eligibility criteria and were included. Three out of seven studies showed an association between even protein distribution and higher muscle mass. Two out of seven studies showed an association between greater muscle strength and an even protein distribution. Only one out of six studies found a positive association between protein synthesis and an even protein distribution.
Evidence indicated an association between muscle mass and an even protein intake. However, the evidence is currently insufficient to conclude whether an even protein intake is positively associated with muscle strength or protein turnover.
与其他一些因素相比，与年龄相关的肌肉质量下降是由于饮食蛋白质摄入不足造成的。一般人群的蛋白质摄入量在晚餐时偏向于不均衡分布。然而，有人假设，均衡的蛋白质摄入会导致蛋白质合成更频繁地达到最大值。本综述研究了均匀的蛋白质分布是否与肌肉质量、肌肉力量和蛋白质周转率的维持或增加有关。
检索了 7 个数据库：PubMed、Web of Science、Google Scholar、CINAHL、Cochrane 系统评价数据库、Cochrane 对照试验中心注册库和 Embase。纳入的研究对象为年龄在 20 至 85 岁之间、BMI 在 18.5 至 30.0 之间的健康人群，研究了均匀与不均衡的蛋白质分布，并测量了与骨骼肌相关的结果。排除病例研究和系统评价。使用 AXIS 量表对观察性研究进行评估，使用 PEDro 量表对其余研究进行评估。
符合入选标准的研究有 15 项。7 项研究中有 3 项显示均匀的蛋白质分布与更高的肌肉质量有关。7 项研究中有 2 项显示更大的肌肉力量与均匀的蛋白质分布有关。6 项研究中有 1 项发现蛋白质合成与均匀的蛋白质分布之间存在正相关。
有证据表明均匀的蛋白质摄入与肌肉质量之间存在关联。然而，目前的证据不足以得出结论，即均匀的蛋白质摄入是否与肌肉力量或蛋白质周转率呈正相关。
