Kwon Jun, Nishisaka Morgan M, McGrath Alexandra F, Kristo Aleksandra S, Sikalidis Angelos K, Reaves Scott K
Nutrition Program, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
Cal Poly Personalized Nutrition Research Group, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
Sports (Basel). 2023 Feb 14;11(2):45. doi: 10.3390/sports11020045.
Dietary protein is required to support recovery and adaptation following exercise training. While prior research demonstrates that many athletes meet total daily protein needs, intake seems to be predominantly skewed toward the evening meal. An even distribution of protein doses of ≥0.24 g/kg BW consumed throughout the course of a day is theorized to confer greater skeletal muscle anabolism outcomes compared to a skewed pattern of intake. Protein quality is also an important dietary consideration for athletes, with the amino acid leucine seemingly serving as the primary driver of the postprandial anabolic response. The present study investigates protein consumption characteristics among a cohort of NCAA D1 soccer players and evaluates differences between male and female athletes. Athletes were instructed to complete 3-day food diaries, which were subsequently analyzed and compared to UEFA expert group-issued nutrition guidelines for soccer players. Breakfast, lunch, and dinner accounted for 81.4% of the total daily dietary protein intake. Most athletes (77.8%) ingested optimum amounts of protein at dinner but not at breakfast (11.1%) or lunch (47.2%). In addition, statistically significant sex-based differences in daily dietary protein intake, meal-specific protein amounts, and protein quality measures were detected. Findings indicate suboptimal dietary protein intake practices among the collegiate soccer athletes.
运动训练后需要膳食蛋白质来支持恢复和适应。虽然先前的研究表明许多运动员满足每日总蛋白质需求，但摄入量似乎主要偏向晚餐。理论上，与摄入不均衡的模式相比，一天中摄入剂量≥0.24 g/kg体重的蛋白质均匀分布可带来更好的骨骼肌合成代谢效果。蛋白质质量也是运动员饮食的一个重要考虑因素，亮氨酸似乎是餐后合成代谢反应的主要驱动因素。本研究调查了一组美国全国大学体育协会（NCAA）一级足球运动员的蛋白质摄入特征，并评估了男女运动员之间的差异。运动员被要求完成3天的饮食日记，随后对其进行分析，并与欧洲足球协会联盟（UEFA）专家组发布的足球运动员营养指南进行比较。早餐、午餐和晚餐占每日膳食蛋白质总摄入量的81.4%。大多数运动员（77.8%）在晚餐时摄入了最佳量的蛋白质，但在早餐（11.1%）或午餐（47.2%）时没有。此外，还检测到了每日膳食蛋白质摄入量、每餐特定蛋白质含量和蛋白质质量指标在性别上的统计学显著差异。研究结果表明，大学足球运动员的膳食蛋白质摄入习惯欠佳。
