Lopatina Olga L, Panina Yulia A, Malinovskaya Natalia A, Salmina Alla B
Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
Rev Neurosci. 2020 Dec 4;32(2):131-142. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0077. Print 2021 Feb 23.
Early life stress (ELS) is one of the most critical factors that could modify brain plasticity, memory and learning abilities, behavioral reactions, and emotional response in adulthood leading to development of different mental disorders. Prenatal and early postnatal periods appear to be the most sensitive periods of brain development in mammals, thereby action of various factors at these stages of brain development might result in neurodegeneration, memory impairment, and mood disorders at later periods of life. Deciphering the processes underlying aberrant neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and cerebral angiogenesis as well as deeper understanding the effects of ELS on brain development will provide novel approaches to prevent or to cure psychiatric and neurological deficits caused by stressful conditions at the earliest stages of ontogenesis. Neuropeptide oxytocin serves as an amnesic, anti-stress, pro-angiogenic, and neurogenesis-controlling molecule contributing to dramatic changes in brain plasticity in ELS. In the current review, we summarize recent data on molecular mechanisms of ELS-driven changes in brain plasticity with the particular focus on oxytocin-mediated effects on neurogenesis and angiogenesis, memory establishment, and forgetting.
早年生活应激（ELS）是最关键的因素之一，它可改变成年期的大脑可塑性、记忆和学习能力、行为反应及情绪反应，进而导致不同精神障碍的发生。产前和产后早期似乎是哺乳动物大脑发育最敏感的时期，因此在大脑发育的这些阶段各种因素的作用可能会在生命后期导致神经退行性变、记忆障碍和情绪障碍。破解异常神经发生、突触形成和脑血管生成背后的过程，以及更深入地了解ELS对大脑发育的影响，将为在个体发育最早阶段预防或治愈由应激状况引起的精神和神经缺陷提供新方法。神经肽催产素作为一种失忆、抗应激、促血管生成和控制神经发生的分子，有助于ELS中大脑可塑性的显著变化。在本综述中，我们总结了ELS驱动大脑可塑性变化的分子机制的最新数据，特别关注催产素介导的对神经发生和血管生成、记忆形成及遗忘的影响。
