Bielik Viktor, Lendvorský Leonard, Vajda Matej, Lopata Peter, Ružbarský Pavel, Masselli Dos Reis Ivan Gustavo, Messias Leonardo Henrique Dalcheco
Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
National Sport Center, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Front Physiol. 2021 Jan 20;11:617041. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.617041. eCollection 2020.
This study aimed to compare the aerobic power (treadmill running) and muscle power (bench press and bench pull) of Junior/U23 paddlers from Slovakia who won medals in international championships with that of those who did not take the podium. Forty-three Slovak Junior/U23 paddlers (sprint = 24, medalists = 8, non-medalists = 16; slalom = 19, medalists = 11, non-medalists = 8) were tested in 2018 and 2019 after the world championships. The maximal oxygen uptake (VO) and the velocity at maximal oxygen uptake (vVO) were determined by the incremental running protocol (0% slope and 1 km⋅h increments every minute until volitional exhaustion). Mean maximal power from the entire concentric phase was recorded during bench press and bench pull exercises by the validated TENDO weightlifting analyzer. No interaction was obtained between medal and canoe discipline for VO ( = 0.069, = 3.495), vVO ( = 0.552, = 0.361) and absolute (bench press: = 0.486, = 0.495; bench pull: = 0.429, = 0.640) or relative (bench press: = 0.767, = 0.089; bench pull: = 0.696, = 0.155) mean maximal power. Conversely, a significant effect for the medal on the bench press (absolute = 0.017, = 6.170; relative = 0.043, = 4.384) and the bench pull (absolute = 0.041, = 4.470) mean maximal power were observed. Our study indicates the absolute mean power on the bench press as a prerequisite for success in international Junior/U23 championships of slalom and sprint canoeing. However, the mean power on bench pull seems to have a deeper influence on sprint paddlers when compared to slalom athletes. Regarding the aerobic power, the data from the treadmill testing did not reveal outcomes between medalists and non-medalists. This result can be associated with the lack of specificity of the incremental treadmill testing for canoeing, and future studies are encouraged to propose specific protocols to compare the aerobic power of medalists and non-medalists in international slalom and sprint championships.
本研究旨在比较在国际锦标赛中获得奖牌的斯洛伐克青少年/23岁以下皮划艇运动员与未登上领奖台的运动员在有氧能力（跑步机跑步）和肌肉力量（卧推和卧拉）方面的差异。2018年和2019年世界锦标赛后，对43名斯洛伐克青少年/23岁以下皮划艇运动员（短距离 = 24人，奖牌获得者 = 8人，非奖牌获得者 = 16人；回转 = 19人，奖牌获得者 = 11人，非奖牌获得者 = 8人）进行了测试。通过递增跑步方案（坡度为0%，每分钟速度增加1 km⋅h，直至自愿疲劳）测定最大摄氧量（VO）和最大摄氧量时的速度（vVO）。在卧推和卧拉练习中，通过经过验证的TENDO举重分析仪记录整个向心阶段的平均最大功率。在VO（ = 0.069， = 3.495）、vVO（ = 0.552， = 0.36）以及绝对（卧推： = 0.486， = 0.495；卧拉： = 0.429， = 0.64）或相对（卧推： = 0.767， = 0.089；卧拉： = 0.696， = 0.155）平均最大功率方面，未获得奖牌与皮划艇项目之间的交互作用。相反，观察到奖牌对卧推（绝对 = 0.017， = 6.170；相对 = 0.043， = 4.384）和卧拉（绝对 = 0.041， = 4.470）平均最大功率有显著影响。我们的研究表明，卧推的绝对平均力量是国际青少年/23岁以下回转和短距离皮划艇锦标赛取得成功的先决条件。然而，与回转运动员相比，卧拉的平均力量似乎对短距离皮划艇运动员有更深远的影响。关于有氧能力，跑步机测试的数据未揭示奖牌获得者和非奖牌获得者之间的差异。这一结果可能与递增式跑步机测试对皮划艇运动缺乏特异性有关，鼓励未来的研究提出具体方案，以比较国际回转和短距离锦标赛中奖牌获得者和非奖牌获得者的有氧能力。
