Roy Sonti, Bhandari Vasundhra, Barman Madhumanti, Kumar Pankaj, Bhanot Vandna, Arora Jaspreet Singh, Singh Satparkash, Sharma Paresh
National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India.
Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Jan 20;11:579929. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.579929. eCollection 2020.
Apicomplexan parasite causes significant economic loss to the livestock industry in India and other tropical countries. In India, parasite control is mainly dependent on the live attenuated schizont vaccine and the drug buparvaquone. For effective disease control, it is essential to study the population structure and genetic diversity of the field isolates and vaccine currently used in India. A total of 125 isolates were genotyped using 10 microsatellite markers from four states belonging to different geographical locations of India. Limited genetic diversity was observed in the vaccine isolates when compared to the parasites in the field; a level of geographical substructuring was evident in India. The number of genotypes observed per infection was highest in India when compared to other endemic countries, suggesting high transmission intensity and abundance of ticks in the country. A reduced panel of four markers can be used for future studies in these for surveillance of the parasites in India. High genetic variation between the parasite populations in the country suggests their successful spread in the field and could hamper the disease control programs. Our findings provide the baseline data for the diversity and population structure of parasites from India. The low diversity in the vaccine advocates improving the current vaccine, possibly by increasing its heterozygosity. The reduced panel of the markers identified in this study will be helpful in monitoring parasite and its reintroduction after eradication.
顶复门寄生虫给印度和其他热带国家的畜牧业造成了巨大的经济损失。在印度，寄生虫控制主要依赖减毒活裂殖体疫苗和药物丁萘脒。为了有效控制疾病，研究印度目前使用的田间分离株和疫苗的种群结构及遗传多样性至关重要。使用来自印度不同地理位置四个邦的10个微卫星标记对总共125个分离株进行了基因分型。与田间寄生虫相比，疫苗分离株的遗传多样性有限；印度存在明显的地理亚结构。与其他流行国家相比，印度每次感染观察到的基因型数量最多，这表明该国蜱虫的传播强度高且数量众多。在未来这些针对印度寄生虫监测的研究中，可使用由四个标记组成的简化组合。该国寄生虫种群之间的高遗传变异表明它们已在田间成功传播，可能会阻碍疾病控制计划。我们的研究结果为印度寄生虫的多样性和种群结构提供了基线数据。疫苗的低多样性表明需要改进当前疫苗，可能通过增加其杂合性来实现。本研究中确定的简化标记组合将有助于监测寄生虫及其在根除后的再次引入。
