Emerging Chlorinated Polyfluorinated Polyether Compounds Impacting the Waters of Southwestern New Jersey Identified by Use of Nontargeted Analysis.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a widespread, environmentally persistent class of anthropogenic chemicals that are widely used in industrial and consumer products and frequently detected in environmental media. Potential human health impacts from long-term exposure to legacy PFAS resulted in the industrial development and use of numerous replacement species in recent decades. Environmental investigative activities have been crucial in identifying the existence and environmental transport of emerging PFAS in environmental media. Previous investigations in an industrially impacted region of southwestern New Jersey has shown consistently elevated levels of legacy PFAS, motivating additional examination by non-targeted mass spectrometry to identify emerging PFAS contamination. This study applied non-targeted analysis to water samples collected in Gloucester and Salem Counties in southwestern New Jersey, revealing the existence of a series of novel chloro-perfluoro-polyether carboxylates and related PFAS species originating from an industrial PFAS user in the region. There is sparse publicly available toxicity information for the emerging chemical species, but estimated concentrations exceeded the state drinking water standards for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA). Non-targeted analysis was used to estimate the effectiveness of point-of-entry water treatment systems for removal of the emerging species and reduced the abundance of PFAS by >90%.