Newton Seth, McMahen Rebecca, Stoeckel James A, Chislock Michael, Lindstrom Andrew, Strynar Mark
National Exposure Research Laboratory , U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States.
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2017 Feb 7;51(3):1544-1552. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05330. Epub 2017 Jan 13.
Concern over persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity has led to international regulation and phase-outs of certain perfluorinated compounds and little is known about their replacement products. High resolution mass spectrometry was used to investigate the occurrence and identity of replacement fluorinated compounds in surface water and sediment of the Tennessee River near Decatur, Alabama. Analysis of legacy Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) revealed a marked increase in concentrations downstream of manufacturing facilities, with the most abundant compounds being perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as high as 220 ng L, 160 ng L, and 120 ng L, respectively. A series of nine polyfluorinated carboxylic acids was discovered, each differing by CFCH. These acids are likely products or byproducts of a manufacturing process that uses 1,1-difluoroethene, which is registered to a manufacturing facility in the area. Two other predominant compounds discovered have structures consistent with perfluorobutanesulfonate and perfluoroheptanoic acid but have a single hydrogen substituted for a fluorine someplace in their structure. A polyfluoroalkyl sulfate with differing mixes of hydrogen and fluorine substitution was also observed. N-methyl perfluorobutane sulfonamidoacetic acid (MeFBSAA) was observed at high concentrations and several other perfluorobutane sulfonamido substances were present as well.
对持久性、生物累积性和毒性的担忧已导致国际上对某些全氟化合物进行监管并逐步淘汰，而对其替代产品却知之甚少。采用高分辨率质谱法研究了阿拉巴马州迪凯特附近田纳西河地表水和沉积物中替代氟化合物的存在情况及特性。对传统的全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）的分析表明，制造设施下游的浓度显著增加，其中最丰富的化合物是全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、全氟丁烷磺酸（PFBS）和全氟辛酸（PFOA），浓度分别高达220 ng/L、160 ng/L和120 ng/L。发现了一系列九种多氟羧酸，每种之间相差CFCH。这些酸可能是使用1,1 - 二氟乙烯的制造过程的产物或副产物，该物质已注册到该地区的一家制造设施。发现的另外两种主要化合物的结构与全氟丁烷磺酸和全氟庚酸一致，但在其结构的某个位置有一个氢原子取代了氟原子。还观察到一种氢和氟取代混合比例不同的多氟烷基硫酸盐。高浓度下检测到N - 甲基全氟丁烷磺酰胺乙酸（MeFBSAA），同时还存在其他几种全氟丁烷磺酰胺类物质。
