Harbin Medical University.
Brief Funct Genomics. 2021 Mar 2;20(1):42-60. doi: 10.1093/bfgp/elaa029.
Gut microbes have attracted much more attentions in the recent decade since their essential roles in the development of metabolic diseases, cancer and neurological diseases. Considerable evidence indicates that the metabolism of gut microbes exert influences on intestinal homeostasis and human diseases. Here, we first reviewed two mainstream sequencing technologies involving 16s rRNA sequencing and metagenomic sequencing for gut microbes, and data analysis methods assessing alpha and beta diversity. Next, we introduced some observational studies reflecting that many factors, such as lifestyle and intake of diets, drugs, contribute to gut microbes' quantity and diversity. Then, metabolites produced by gut microbes were presented to understand that gut microbes exert on host homeostasis in the intestinal epithelium and immune system. Finally, we focused on the molecular mechanism of gut microbes on the occurrence and development of several common diseases. In-depth knowledge of the relationship among interventions, gut microbes and diseases might provide new insights in to disease prevention and treatment.
在最近十年中，肠道微生物吸引了更多的关注，因为它们在代谢性疾病、癌症和神经退行性疾病的发展中起着至关重要的作用。大量证据表明，肠道微生物的代谢对肠道内稳态和人类疾病有影响。在这里，我们首先回顾了两种主流的肠道微生物测序技术，即 16s rRNA 测序和宏基因组测序，以及评估α和β多样性的数据分析方法。接下来，我们介绍了一些观察性研究，这些研究反映了许多因素，如生活方式和饮食、药物的摄入，会影响肠道微生物的数量和多样性。然后，我们介绍了肠道微生物产生的代谢物，以了解肠道微生物在肠道上皮和免疫系统中对宿主内稳态的影响。最后，我们重点介绍了肠道微生物对几种常见疾病发生和发展的分子机制。深入了解干预措施、肠道微生物和疾病之间的关系可能为疾病的预防和治疗提供新的见解。
