在英国成年人中，红肉类、加工红肉类以及总红肉类和加工红肉类摄入量与营养充足程度以及健康和心血管代谢疾病标志物之间的关联：基于英国国家饮食与营养调查数据的横断面分析。
Associations between red meat, processed red meat and total red and processed red meat consumption, nutritional adequacy and markers of health and cardio-metabolic diseases in British adults: a cross-sectional analysis using data from UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey.
机构信息
Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
出版信息
Eur J Nutr. 2021 Sep;60(6):2979-2997. doi: 10.1007/s00394-021-02486-3. Epub 2021 Feb 7.
PURPOSE
To determine the association between red meat (RM), processed red meat (PRM) and total red and processed red meat (TRPRM) consumption on nutritional adequacy and markers of health and cardio-metabolic diseases in British adults.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study of adults (19-64 y) from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) (n = 1758), RM and PRM consumption were assessed from 4 day estimated food diaries. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure (BP), pulse pressure (PP), plasma glucose, HbA1c, C-reactive protein, TAG, TC, LDL-C and HDL-C from the NDNS were used.
RESULTS
43% of adults (men 57% and women 31%) consumed more than the 70 g/d TRPRM guidelines. Fewer adults in the highest tertile of TRPRM intake were below lower reference nutrient intakes (LRNIs), particularly for zinc and iron, respectively. In model 3 (controlled for age, energy intake, socioeconomic classification, number of daily cigarettes, BMI, dietary factors), higher RM consumption was associated with being significantly taller (model 3: P-ANCOVA = 0.006; P-T3/T1 = 0.0004) in men and lower diastolic BP (model 3: P-ANCOVA = 0.004; P-T3/T2 = 0.002) in women. Higher PRM in men was associated with significantly higher plasma ferritin concentration (model 3: P-ANCOVA = 0.0001; P-T2/T1 = 0.0001), being taller (P-ANCOVA = 0.019; P-T1/T2 = 0.047, T1/T3 = 0.044), increased body weight (model 3: P-ANCOVA = 0.001; P-T1/T3 = 0.0001), BMI (model 3: P-ANCOVA = 0.007; P-T1/T3 = 0.006) and smaller hip circumference (model 3: P-ANCOVA = 0.006; P-T3/T1 = 0.024; P-T2/T1 = 0.013) and in women significantly higher TC (model 3: P-ANCOVA = 0.020; P-T3/T2 = 0.016), LDL-C (P-ANCOVA = 0.030; P-T3/T2 = 0.025), HbA1c (model 3: P-ANCOVA = 0.0001; P-T2/T1 = 0.001; P-T3/T2 = 0.001) and higher PP (model 3: P-ANCOVA = 0.022; P-T3/T1 = 0.021). Higher PRM consumption was associated with significantly higher BMI and hip circumference in men, and higher TC, LDL-C, HbA1c and PP in women, which was not observed for RM consumption.
目的
确定英国成年人中红肉类（RM）、加工红肉类（PRM）和总红肉类及加工红肉类（TRPRM）摄入量与营养充足度以及健康和心血管代谢疾病标志物之间的关系。
方法
在这项针对成年人（19-64 岁）的全国饮食与营养调查（NDNS）的横断面研究中（n=1758），通过 4 天的估计食物日记评估 RM 和 PRM 的摄入量。使用 NDNS 的人体测量指标、血压（BP）、脉压（PP）、血浆葡萄糖、HbA1c、C-反应蛋白、TAG、TC、LDL-C 和 HDL-C。
结果
43%的成年人（男性 57%，女性 31%）的 TRPRM 摄入量超过了 70g/d 的指南。摄入 TRPRM 量最高三分位的成年人中，有更多人低于较低的参考营养素摄入量（LRNIs），特别是锌和铁。在模型 3（控制年龄、能量摄入、社会经济分类、每日吸烟量、BMI、饮食因素）中，较高的 RM 摄入量与男性身高显著增加（模型 3：P-ANCOVA=0.006；P-T3/T1=0.0004）和女性舒张压降低显著相关（模型 3：P-ANCOVA=0.004；P-T3/T2=0.002）。男性中较高的 PRM 摄入量与血浆铁蛋白浓度显著升高相关（模型 3：P-ANCOVA=0.0001；P-T2/T1=0.0001）、身高增加（P-ANCOVA=0.019；P-T1/T2=0.047，T1/T3=0.044）、体重增加（模型 3：P-ANCOVA=0.001；P-T1/T3=0.0001）、BMI 增加（模型 3：P-ANCOVA=0.007；P-T1/T3=0.006）和臀围减小（模型 3：P-ANCOVA=0.006；P-T3/T1=0.024；P-T2/T1=0.013）有关，而女性中较高的 TC（模型 3：P-ANCOVA=0.020；P-T3/T2=0.016）、LDL-C（P-ANCOVA=0.030；P-T3/T2=0.025）、HbA1c（模型 3：P-ANCOVA=0.0001；P-T2/T1=0.001；P-T3/T2=0.001）和较高的 PP（模型 3：P-ANCOVA=0.022；P-T3/T1=0.021）与 PRM 摄入量显著相关。较高的 PRM 摄入量与男性的 BMI 和臀围增加以及女性的 TC、LDL-C、HbA1c 和 PP 增加显著相关，而 RM 摄入量则没有观察到这种相关性。
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