Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China.
Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China.
Arch Microbiol. 2021 Jul;203(5):2029-2042. doi: 10.1007/s00203-020-02181-7. Epub 2021 Feb 7.
Halophilic Archaea are widely distributed globally in hypersaline environments. However, little is known of how dominant halophilic archaeal genera are distributed across environments and how they may co-associate across ecosystems. Here, the archaeal community composition and diversity from hypersaline environments (> 300 g/L salinity; total of 33 samples) in the Qaidam Basin of China were investigated using high-throughput Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. The archaeal communities (total of 3,419 OTUs) were dominated by the class Halobacteria (31.7-99.6% relative abundances) within the phylum Euryarchaeota (90.8-99.9%). Five predominant taxa, including Halorubrum, Halobacterium, Halopenitus, Methanothrix, and Halomicrobium, were observed across most samples. However, several distinct genera were associated with individual samples and were inconsistently distributed across samples, which contrast with previous studies of hypersaline archaeal communities. Additionally, co-occurrence network analysis indicated that five network clusters were present and potentially reflective of interspecies interactions among the environments, including three clusters (clusters II, III, and IV) comprising halophilic archaeal taxa within the Halobacteriaceae and Haloferacaceae families. In addition, two other clusters (clusters I and V) were identified that comprised methanogens. Finally, salinity comprising ionic concentrations (in the order of Na > Ca > Mg) and pH were most correlated with taxonomic distributions across sample sites.
嗜盐古菌广泛分布于高盐环境中。然而，人们对优势嗜盐古菌属在环境中的分布方式以及它们在生态系统中如何共同关联知之甚少。本研究采用高通量 Illumina 16S rRNA 基因测序技术，对中国柴达木盆地高盐环境（盐度>300g/L；共 33 个样本）中的古菌群落组成和多样性进行了研究。古菌群落（共 3419 个 OTUs）主要由广古菌门（Euryarchaeota）的产甲烷菌目（Methanothrix）和盐杆菌科（Halobacteriaceae）的嗜盐菌（Halobacterium）、盐球菌科（Haloferacaceae）的盐球菌属（Halopenitus）、盐杆菌属（Halorubrum）、盐微菌属（Halomicrobium）组成，相对丰度为 31.7-99.6%。然而，有 5 个主要分类群（Halorubrum、Halobacterium、Halopenitus、Methanothrix 和 Halomicrobium）存在于大多数样本中，而其他几个独特的属则与个别样本相关，且在样本之间的分布不一致，这与先前对高盐古菌群落的研究结果不同。此外，共生网络分析表明，存在 5 个网络簇，可能反映了环境中物种间的相互作用，其中包括 3 个簇（簇 II、III 和 IV），由 Halobacteriaceae 和 Haloferacaceae 家族中的嗜盐古菌组成。此外，还确定了另外两个簇（簇 I 和 V），它们由产甲烷菌组成。最后，离子浓度（Na>Ca>Mg）和 pH 值等盐度组成与样品点的分类分布最相关。
