School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Rd, Mahal, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017, India.
Annasaheb Dange College of D Pharmacy, Ashta, Tal: Walwa, Dist., Sangli, Maharashtra, 416301, India.
J Egypt Natl Canc Inst. 2021 Feb 8;33(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s43046-021-00059-3.
Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the key cancers affecting the bone tissues, primarily occurred in children and adolescence. Recently, chemotherapy followed by surgery and then post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy is widely used for the treatment of OS. However, the lack of selectivity and sensitivity to tumor cells, the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR), and dangerous side effects have restricted the use of chemotherapeutics.
There is an unmet need for novel drug delivery strategies for effective treatment and management of OS. Advances in nanotechnology have led to momentous progress in the design of tumor-targeted drug delivery nanocarriers (NCs) as well as functionalized smart NCs to achieve targeting and to treat OS effectively. The present review summarizes the drug delivery challenges in OS, and how organic nanoparticulate approaches are useful in overcoming barriers will be explained. The present review describes the various organic nanoparticulate approaches such as conventional nanocarriers, stimuli-responsive NCs, and ligand-based active targeting strategies tested against OS. The drug conjugates prepared with copolymer and ligand having bone affinity, and advanced promising approaches such as gene therapy, gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy, and T cell therapy tested against OS along with their reported limitations are also briefed in this review.
The nanoparticulate drugs, drug conjugates, and advanced therapies such as gene therapy, and T cell therapy have promising and potential application in the effective treatment of OS. However, many of the above approaches are still at the preclinical stage, and there is a long transitional period before their clinical application.
骨肉瘤（OS）是一种主要发生在儿童和青少年的影响骨骼组织的关键癌症之一。最近，化疗后手术，然后术后辅助化疗被广泛用于 OS 的治疗。然而，肿瘤细胞缺乏选择性和敏感性、多药耐药（MDR）的发展以及危险的副作用限制了化疗的应用。
为了有效治疗和管理 OS，需要新的药物输送策略。纳米技术的进步使得设计针对肿瘤的药物输送纳米载体（NCs）以及功能化智能 NCs 以实现靶向治疗并有效治疗 OS 取得了重大进展。本综述总结了 OS 中的药物输送挑战，以及有机纳米颗粒方法如何有助于克服这些障碍。本综述描述了各种有机纳米颗粒方法，如常规纳米载体、刺激响应性 NCs 以及针对 OS 测试的基于配体的主动靶向策略。本综述还简要介绍了具有骨亲和力的共聚物和配体制备的药物偶联物、以及基因治疗、基因导向酶前药治疗和 T 细胞治疗等先进的有前途的方法及其报道的局限性。
纳米颗粒药物、药物偶联物以及基因治疗和 T 细胞治疗等先进疗法在 OS 的有效治疗中有很有前景和潜力的应用。然而，上述许多方法仍处于临床前阶段，在临床应用之前还有很长的过渡期。
