Chen Shufeng, Khastgir Siddartha, Jennings Paul
WMG, University of Warwick, UK.
Saf Sci. 2021 Jun;138:105195. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105195. Epub 2021 Feb 4.
The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has affected most aspects of human life, including the ways in which organizations are operating. Minimizing the spread of coronavirus and its economic consequences, and creating a new and safe lifestyle has now become the common goals of governments all over the world. Although governments have responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by implementing various rules while interacting with relevant organizations to provide health service, vaccine research, and production of essential items, the complexities in the interactions between various stakeholders have proved to be challenging to have efficient and timely outputs. When different stakeholders (i.e. governments, organizations, and the public) are interacting with each other, a systems thinking process needs to be applied to capture the nuances of the interactions and the subsequent emergent behavior to effectively contribute to the system output (i.e. a safer way of life). This paper applied a system-thinking-inspired process called System Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) to analyze the current response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis treated various stakeholders as a part of the system, and it focused on the interactions among different stakeholders (i.e. functional blocks) within the system - i.e. 'Government', 'Foreign Governments', 'Organizations', and 'General Public', as well as the interactions with 'W.H.O'. The STPA analysis found 236 potential Unsafe Control Actions (UCAs) (or unsafe interactions) among the stakeholder interactions, each of the UCAs was then further analyzed. In total 1440 causal factors of the UCAs were identified, and 2880 requirements were proposed to avoid such unsafe interactions.
前所未有的新冠疫情影响了人类生活的方方面面，包括组织的运营方式。最大限度地减少冠状病毒的传播及其经济后果，并创造一种新的安全生活方式，现已成为世界各国政府的共同目标。尽管各国政府通过实施各种规定来应对新冠疫情，同时与相关组织互动以提供医疗服务、疫苗研究和生产必需品，但事实证明，各利益相关方之间互动的复杂性对于实现高效和及时的产出具有挑战性。当不同的利益相关方（即政府、组织和公众）相互作用时，需要运用系统思维过程来把握互动的细微差别以及随后出现的行为，以便有效地促进系统产出（即更安全的生活方式）。本文应用了一种受系统思维启发的过程，即系统理论过程分析（STPA），来分析当前对新冠疫情的应对措施。该分析将各利益相关方视为系统的一部分，并关注系统内不同利益相关方（即功能块）之间以及与“世界卫生组织”之间的互动，这些利益相关方包括“政府”“外国政府”“组织”和“公众”。STPA分析在利益相关方的互动中发现了236个潜在的不安全控制行动（UCA）（或不安全互动），然后对每个UCA进行了进一步分析。总共确定了1440个UCA的因果因素，并提出了2880项要求以避免此类不安全互动。
