Centre for Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
Nanjing Zhirun Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd., No.19 Binhuai Avenue, Economic Development Zone, Lishui District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021 Mar;105(5):2071-2080. doi: 10.1007/s00253-021-11158-5. Epub 2021 Feb 9.
Microbial fermentation in the hindgut is likely an important contributor to energy availability in ruminants, except for the rumen. This study aimed to investigate commensal bacteria in the colon influenced by diverse dietary niches. Fifteen male sheep were randomly allotted into three feeding groups: non-pelleted low-grain (CON, n = 5), non-pelleted high-grain (HG, n = 5), and pelleted high-grain (HP, n = 5) diets. The HG and HP groups had higher fermentation parameters than the CON group, especially acetate concentration (CON = 46.91; HG = 61.66; HP = 77.99). The HG diet altered the composition of commensal bacteria in the colon in comparison to the CON group, including the increase of genera related to acetate production (e.g., Acetitomaculum spp.), butyrate production (e.g., Coprococcus spp. and Subdoligranulum spp.), and starch degradation (e.g., Prevotella spp., Roseburia spp., and Oscillibacter spp.). The colon functional compendium had co-alteration with taxonomic changes that indicated non-pelleted HG diet caused a detrimental colonic niche. The HP diet specifically promoted the abundance of Ruminococcus, Olsenella, and Alloprevotella genera to achieve the highest acetate concentration and decreased the starch-degrader Roseburia spp. and Oscillibacter spp. in contrast to the HG group. Our results provide a systematic view of the microbial fermentation, community, and functional guilds in colonic digesta and mucosa in regard to using an HP diet to maintain colonic niche homeostasis under the adverse influence of the HG diet.Key Points• Non-pelleted and pelleted high-grain diets altered sheep colonic fermentation.• Non-pelleted and pelleted high-grain diets resulted in diverse microbial composition.• The pelleted method ameliorated microbial functions compared with the high-grain diet.
瘤胃以外，后肠中的微生物发酵可能是反刍动物能量供应的一个重要因素。本研究旨在调查不同饮食小生境对结肠共生菌的影响。15 只雄性绵羊被随机分为 3 个饲养组：无颗粒低谷物（CON，n = 5）、无颗粒高谷物（HG，n = 5）和颗粒高谷物（HP，n = 5）饮食。HG 和 HP 组的发酵参数高于 CON 组，尤其是乙酸浓度（CON = 46.91；HG = 61.66；HP = 77.99）。与 CON 组相比，HG 饮食改变了结肠共生菌的组成，包括与乙酸产生（例如，Acetitomaculum 属）、丁酸产生（例如，Coprococcus 属和 Subdoligranulum 属）和淀粉降解（例如，Prevotella 属、Roseburia 属和 Oscillibacter 属）相关的属增加。结肠功能概要与分类变化一致，表明无颗粒 HG 饮食导致有害的结肠小生境。HP 饮食特别促进了 Ruminococcus、Olsenella 和 Alloprevotella 属的丰度增加，以达到最高的乙酸浓度，并降低了淀粉降解菌 Roseburia 属和 Oscillibacter 属的丰度，与 HG 组相比。我们的研究结果提供了一个系统的观点，即微生物发酵、群落和功能类群在结肠消化物和黏膜中，关于使用 HP 饮食在 HG 饮食的不利影响下维持结肠小生境的动态平衡。
关键点
• 无颗粒和颗粒高谷物饮食改变了绵羊结肠发酵。
• 无颗粒和颗粒高谷物饮食导致微生物组成不同。
• 颗粒法与高谷物饮食相比改善了微生物功能。
