Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Biotechnol J. 2022 Jul;17(7):e2100505. doi: 10.1002/biot.202100505. Epub 2022 May 18.
Food security is one of the main topics of today's agriculture, primarily due to increasingly challenging environmental conditions. As most of humankind has a daily intake of cereal grains, current breeding programs focus on these crop plants. Customized endonucleases have been included in the breeders' toolbox after successfully demonstrating their use. Due to technological restrictions, the main focus of the new technology was on above-ground plant organs. In contrast, the essential below ground components were given only limited attention. In the present review, the knowledge of the root system architecture in cereals and the role of phytohormones during their establishment is summarized, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are outlined. The review summarizes how the use of CRISPR-based genome editing methodology can improve the root system architecture to enhance crop production genetically. Finally, future research directions involving this knowledge and technical advances are suggested.
食品安全是当今农业的主要议题之一，主要是由于日益具有挑战性的环境条件。由于大多数人类每天都要摄入谷物，因此当前的育种计划主要集中在这些作物上。在成功证明其用途之后，定制的内切酶已被纳入育种者的工具包中。由于技术限制，新技术的主要重点是地上的植物器官。相比之下，对重要的地下部分仅给予了有限的关注。在本综述中，总结了谷物根系结构的知识以及在其建立过程中植物激素的作用，并概述了潜在的分子机制。该综述总结了如何利用基于 CRISPR 的基因组编辑方法来改善根系结构，从而从遗传上提高作物产量。最后，提出了涉及这些知识和技术进步的未来研究方向。
