MSN, Nursing Educator, Department of Nursing and Operating Room, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
MSN, Nursing Educator, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Nurs Res. 2021 Feb 8;29(2):e146. doi: 10.1097/JNR.0000000000000423.
Pulmonary disorders and poor functional capacity are common complications in patients under hemodialysis. Although breathing exercise is frequently prescribed to improve respiratory function, its efficacy in this patient community is not well established.
Our study was designed to determine the effectiveness of a breathing exercise on respiratory function and 6-minute walk (6MW) distance in patients under hemodialysis.
A randomized controlled trial approach was used. The sample consisted of 52 patients under hemodialysis from a university teaching hospital in Iran. The experimental group (n = 26) received the breathing exercise program and was encouraged to perform incentive spirometry for 2 months. The control group (n = 26) received only routine hospital care. The respiratory function test and 6MW test were performed at baseline and at 2 months after the intervention (posttest).
The two groups were homogeneous in terms of respiratory function parameters, 6MW distance, and demographic characteristics at baseline. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity were significantly better in the experimental group compared with the control group at 2 months after intervention. No significant difference was found in 6MW distance between the groups at the 2-month posttest.
CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The 2-month breathing exercise effectively improved pulmonary function parameters (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second) in patients under hemodialysis but did not affect 6MW distance. Hemodialysis nurses should strengthen their clinical health education and apply breathing exercise programs to reduce the pulmonary complications experienced by patients under hemodialysis.
肺部疾病和功能能力差是血液透析患者的常见并发症。尽管呼吸运动常被用于改善呼吸功能，但在该患者群体中的疗效尚未得到充分证实。
本研究旨在确定呼吸运动对血液透析患者的呼吸功能和 6 分钟步行（6MW）距离的影响。
采用随机对照试验方法。样本包括来自伊朗一所大学教学医院的 52 名血液透析患者。实验组（n=26）接受呼吸运动方案，并鼓励在 2 个月内进行激励式肺活量计练习。对照组（n=26）仅接受常规医院护理。在基线和干预后 2 个月（后测）时进行呼吸功能测试和 6MW 测试。
两组在基线时的呼吸功能参数、6MW 距离和人口统计学特征方面具有同质性。与对照组相比，实验组在干预后 2 个月时的 1 秒用力呼气量和用力肺活量显著更好。两组在 2 个月后测的 6MW 距离无显著差异。
结论/对实践的启示：2 个月的呼吸运动有效改善了血液透析患者的肺功能参数（用力肺活量、1 秒用力呼气量），但对 6MW 距离没有影响。血液透析护士应加强临床健康教育，并应用呼吸运动方案，以减少血液透析患者的肺部并发症。
