Diagnosis and management of lymphoceles after renal transplantation.

Eight lymphoceles were encountered in 232 renal transplant procedures. The patients presented with either a palpable pelvic mass, ipsilateral leg pain and edema, or deteriorating renal function. Two patients were asymptomatic. The diagnosis is readily established by a combination of intravenous urography, ultrasound, and aspiration although ultrasound is the most useful method for the diagnosis and follow-up of these lesions. A functioning arteriovenous shunt in the leg on the side of the transplant may predispose to lymphocele formation. Most lymphoceles may be managed conservatively initially. However, if surgery is required, open drainage and packing would appear to be the most reliable procedure.