Vasconcellos Luana Marotta Reis, Santana-Melo Gabriela F, Silva Edmundo, Pereira Vanessa Fernandes, Araújo Juliani Caroline Ribeiro, Silva André Diniz Rosa, Furtado André S A, Elias Conceição de Maria Vaz, Viana Bartolomeu Cruz, Marciano Fernanda Roberta, Lobo Anderson Oliveira
Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Sao Paulo State University, Sao Paulo 12450-000, Brazil.
Air Force Academy, Brazilian Air Force, Pirassununga 13630-000, Brazil.
J Funct Biomater. 2021 Feb 5;12(1):11. doi: 10.3390/jfb12010011.
Electrospun ultrathin fibrous scaffold filed with synthetic nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) and graphene nanoribbons (GNR) has bioactive and osteoconductive properties and is a plausible strategy to improve bone regeneration. Poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) has been studied as fibrous scaffolds due to its low crystallinity, faster biodegradability, and good mechanical properties; however, its potential for in vivo applications remains underexplored. We proposed the application of electrospun PBAT with high contents of incorporated nHAp and nHAp/GNR nanoparticles as bone grafts. Ultrathin PBAT, PBAT/nHAp, and PBAT/nHAp/GNR fibers were produced using an electrospinning apparatus. The produced fibers were characterized morphologically and structurally using scanning electron (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron (TEM) microscopies, respectively. Mechanical properties were analyzed using a texturometer. All scaffolds were implanted into critical tibia defects in rats and analyzed after two weeks using radiography, microcomputed tomography, histological, histomorphometric, and biomechanical analyses. The results showed through SEM and high-resolution TEM characterized the average diameters of the fibers (ranged from 0.208 µm ± 0.035 to 0.388 µm ± 0.087) and nHAp (crystallite around 0.28, 0.34, and 0.69 nm) and nHAp/GNR (200-300 nm) nanoparticles distribution into PBAT matrices. Ultrathin fibers were obtained, and the incorporated nHAp and nHAp/GNR nanoparticles were well distributed into PBAT matrices. The addition of nHAp and nHAp/GNR nanoparticles improved the elastic modulus of the ultrathin fibers compared to neat PBAT. High loads of nHAp/GNR (PBATnH5G group) improved the in vivo lamellar bone formation promoting greater radiographic density, trabecular number and stiffness in the defect area 2 weeks after implantation than control and PBAT groups.
填充有合成纳米羟基磷灰石（nHAp）和石墨烯纳米带（GNR）的静电纺丝超薄纤维支架具有生物活性和骨传导性，是改善骨再生的一种可行策略。聚（丁二酸丁二醇酯-对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯）（PBAT）因其结晶度低、生物降解速度快和机械性能良好而被研究用作纤维支架；然而，其在体内应用的潜力仍未得到充分探索。我们提出将含有高含量nHAp和nHAp/GNR纳米颗粒的静电纺丝PBAT用作骨移植材料。使用静电纺丝设备制备了超薄PBAT、PBAT/nHAp和PBAT/nHAp/GNR纤维。分别使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和高分辨率透射电子显微镜（TEM）对所制备的纤维进行形态和结构表征。使用纹理分析仪分析机械性能。将所有支架植入大鼠的胫骨关键缺损处，并在两周后使用X射线摄影、微型计算机断层扫描、组织学、组织形态计量学和生物力学分析进行分析。结果表明，通过SEM和高分辨率TEM表征了纤维的平均直径（范围为0.208 µm±0.035至0.388 µm±0.087）以及nHAp（微晶尺寸约为0.28、0.34和0.69 nm）和nHAp/GNR（200 - 300 nm）纳米颗粒在PBAT基质中的分布情况。获得了超薄纤维，并且掺入的nHAp和nHAp/GNR纳米颗粒在PBAT基质中分布良好。与纯PBAT相比，添加nHAp和nHAp/GNR纳米颗粒提高了超薄纤维的弹性模量。高负载的nHAp/GNR（PBATnH5G组）在植入后2周促进了体内板层骨形成，与对照组和PBAT组相比，缺损区域的射线密度、小梁数量和硬度更高。
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