Tujuba Teshome, Ayele Behailu Hawulte, Fage Sagni Girma, Weldegebreal Fitsum
Department of Medical Laboratory, Gelemso General Hospital, Gelemso, Ethiopia.
School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021 Feb 2;14:467-476. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S289298. eCollection 2021.
Although anemia is a common condition among patients with diabetes mellitus, there is little evidence on anemia among this segment of population in Ethiopia at large and in the study setting in particular. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the magnitude of anemia and its associated factors among adult diabetic patients attending a general hospital in Eastern Ethiopia.
A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 325 randomly selected adult diabetes mellitus patients attending a follow-up clinic at Gelemso General Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia. Data were collected through an interview using a pre-tested and structured questionnaire followed by physical and laboratory measurements. Data were then entered into EpiData Version.3.1 and analyzed by using STATA version 16.0. Binary logistic regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with anemia. All statistical tests were declared significant at -value < 0.05.
The magnitude of anemia among adult diabetic patients was 30.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 25.4%-35.4%). Anemia was higher in males (36%) than females (20.5%). Male gender (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.8), DM duration of ≥5 years (AOR= 1.9, 95% CI: 1.0, 3.7), presence of comorbidity (AOR= 1.9, 95% CI: 1.0, 3.7), and having diabetic complications (AOR= 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3, 4.2) were significantly associated with anemia.
Anemia was a moderate public health problem among adult DM patients in the study setting. Being male in gender, duration of DM, presence of DM complications, and DM co-morbidities were factors associated with anemia. Therefore, routine screening and appropriate management of anemia targeting males, DM patients with longer duration of DM, and those with complications and co-morbidities should be devised to improve patients' quality of life. Early diagnosis and regular monitoring of DM could also help to minimize further complications.
尽管贫血在糖尿病患者中是一种常见病症，但在埃塞俄比亚总体人群中，尤其是在本研究环境中，关于这部分人群贫血情况的证据很少。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚东部一家综合医院成年糖尿病患者中贫血的严重程度及其相关因素。
在埃塞俄比亚东部Gelemso综合医院随访门诊随机选取325例成年糖尿病患者，开展了一项基于医疗机构的横断面研究。通过使用预先测试并结构化的问卷进行访谈收集数据，随后进行体格检查和实验室检测。然后将数据录入EpiData 3.1版本，并使用STATA 16.0版本进行分析。采用二元逻辑回归模型确定与贫血相关的因素。所有统计检验在P值<0.05时被判定为具有显著性。
成年糖尿病患者中贫血的严重程度为30.2%（95%置信区间（CI）：25.4%-35.4%）。男性贫血率（36%）高于女性（20.5%）。男性（调整优势比（AOR）=2.1，95%CI：1.2，3.8）、糖尿病病程≥5年（AOR=1.9，95%CI：1.0，3.7）、存在合并症（AOR=1.9，95%CI：1.0，3.7）以及患有糖尿病并发症（AOR=2.3，95%CI：1.3，4.2）与贫血显著相关。
在本研究环境中，贫血是成年糖尿病患者中的一个中度公共卫生问题。男性、糖尿病病程、糖尿病并发症的存在以及糖尿病合并症是与贫血相关的因素。因此，应制定针对男性、糖尿病病程较长的患者以及有并发症和合并症的患者的贫血常规筛查和适当管理措施，以提高患者的生活质量。早期诊断和定期监测糖尿病也有助于尽量减少进一步的并发症。
