Roba Hirbo Shore, Beyene Addisu Shunu, Mengesha Melkamu Merid, Ayele Behailu Hawulte
Haramaya University, College of Health and Medical Science, School of Public Health, Harar, Ethiopia.
Research Center for Generational Health and Ageing, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Australia.
Int J Hypertens. 2019 May 15;2019:9878437. doi: 10.1155/2019/9878437. eCollection 2019.
Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor that is linked with fatal complications and is an overwhelming global challenge. Primary prevention is a key to control hypertension with identification of major risk factors. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension.
Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 903 adults aged 25 to 64 years in Dire Dawa City, East Ethiopia. Data were collected using World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS) for non-communicable disease (NCD) standard survey tool. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify relative effects of distal, proximal, and immediate risk factors of hypertension, and all statistical tests were declared significantly at -value<0.05.
The average SBP and DBP were 124.98±17.18 mmHg and 78.92±10.13 mmHg, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was 24.43% (95% CI: 21.57, 27.28). Majority (51.64%) of adults were not aware of their elevated blood pressure status. hypertension was significantly associated with the age group 30-44 (aOR 3.61, 95% CI: 2.0, 6.55), 45-54 (aOR 5.36, 95% CI: 2.62, 10.91), and 55-64 (aOR 9.38, 95% CI: 4.73, 18.59), being unemployed (aOR 1.68, 95%CI: 1.03, 2.77), ever smoking (aOR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.23), having abdominal obesity (aOR 1.72, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.64), and BMI≥25 kg/m (aOR 1.48, 95%CI: 1.01, 2.15).
Moderately high prevalence of hypertension was observed among adults in study setting demonstrating a major public health problem. Majority of adults with hypertension in study setting were not aware of their elevated BP status highlighting the burden of the hidden morbidity and subsequent complications. Community level intervention and routine assessment of sociodemographic, behavioral, and biophysiological risk factors, screening, and diagnosis of NCDs should be institutionalized to address the occult burden.
高血压是主要的心血管危险因素，与致命并发症相关，是一项严峻的全球性挑战。一级预防是通过识别主要危险因素来控制高血压的关键。本研究旨在评估高血压的患病率及相关因素。
在埃塞俄比亚东部德雷达瓦市对903名年龄在25至64岁的成年人进行了基于社区的横断面研究。使用世界卫生组织（WHO）用于非传染性疾病（NCD）标准调查工具的逐步监测（STEPS）方法收集数据。采用多变量逻辑回归模型来确定高血压的远端、近端和直接危险因素的相对影响，所有统计检验在P值<0.05时被判定为具有显著性。
平均收缩压和舒张压分别为124.98±17.18 mmHg和78.92±10.13 mmHg。高血压患病率为24.43%（95%CI：21.57，27.28）。大多数（51.64%）成年人未意识到自己血压升高。高血压与30 - 44岁年龄组（调整后比值比[aOR] 3.61，95%CI：2.0，6.55）、45 - 54岁年龄组（aOR 5.36，95%CI：2.62，10.91）和55 - 64岁年龄组（aOR 9.38，95%CI：4.73，18.59）、失业（aOR 1.68，95%CI：1.03，2.77）、曾经吸烟（aOR 1.89，95%CI：1.04，2.23）、腹部肥胖（aOR 1.72，95%CI：1.13，2.64）以及体重指数（BMI）≥25 kg/m²（aOR 1.48，95%CI：1.01，2.15）显著相关。
在研究环境中的成年人中观察到高血压患病率处于中等偏高水平，这表明存在一个重大的公共卫生问题。研究环境中大多数高血压成年人未意识到自己血压升高，这凸显了隐藏性发病及其后续并发症的负担。应将社区层面的干预以及对社会人口学、行为和生物生理危险因素的常规评估、非传染性疾病的筛查和诊断制度化，以应对这种隐匿性负担。
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