Litwic-Kaminska Kamila, Kotysko Martyna
Kazimierz Wielki University, Faculty of Psychology - Bydgoszcz - Kujawsko-Pomorskie - Poland.
University of Warmia and Mazury, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Pedagogy, Department of Clinical, Developmental, and Educational Psychology - Olsztyn - Warminsko-Mazurskie - Poland.
Sleep Sci. 2020 Oct-Dec;13(4):249-255. doi: 10.5935/1984-0063.20190153.
There are many internal and external factors that can affect sleep deterioration. The adopted model of the relationship between chronotype, stress, life satisfaction and sleep quality was verified in the study.
In total, 335 healthy university students were surveyed using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The study included two groups: individuals involved in sport activities (student athletes, n=207) and those who declared (in the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire) low physical activity level (non-athlete students, n=128).
Student athletes were less stressed (p<0.001) and declared higher life satisfaction (p<0.001) and sleep quality (p<0.001) compared to non-athletes. Non-athletes tended to identify the evening hours as their best time for functioning (p<0.001), but the mean results of both groups oscillated around the so-called intermediate type. Despite the differences in mean values, the model invariance for both groups was confirmed, which means that the proposed theoretical model applies equally to student athletes and non-athletes. The path analysis results indicate that chronotype has a direct negative influence on sleep quality (preferring morning hours results in higher sleep quality). However, perceived stress partially mediates this relationship (p<0.001).
Sleep quality should not be considered without taking into account circadian preferences. Effective coping with stress may also be a buffer in reducing sleep problems.
有许多内部和外部因素会影响睡眠质量下降。本研究验证了所采用的生物钟类型、压力、生活满意度与睡眠质量之间关系的模型。
总共对335名健康大学生进行了调查，使用了晨型-夜型问卷、感知压力量表、生活满意度量表和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数。该研究包括两组：参与体育活动的个体（学生运动员，n = 207）和那些（在国际体力活动问卷简表中）宣称体力活动水平低的个体（非运动员学生，n = 128）。
与非运动员相比，学生运动员压力较小（p < 0.001），宣称生活满意度（p < 0.001）和睡眠质量更高（p < 0.001）。非运动员倾向于将晚上的时间视为他们功能最佳的时间（p < 0.001），但两组的平均结果都在所谓的中间类型左右波动。尽管平均值存在差异，但两组的模型不变性得到了证实，这意味着所提出的理论模型同样适用于学生运动员和非运动员。路径分析结果表明，生物钟类型对睡眠质量有直接的负面影响（偏好早晨时间会导致更高的睡眠质量）。然而，感知压力部分介导了这种关系（p < 0.001）。
在不考虑昼夜偏好的情况下不应考虑睡眠质量。有效应对压力也可能是减少睡眠问题的一个缓冲因素。
