Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
J Physiol. 2022 Mar;600(5):1229-1251. doi: 10.1113/JP280955. Epub 2021 Feb 25.
After a century, it's time to turn the page on understanding of lactate metabolism and appreciate that lactate shuttling is an important component of intermediary metabolism in vivo. Cell-cell and intracellular lactate shuttles fulfil purposes of energy substrate production and distribution, as well as cell signalling under fully aerobic conditions. Recognition of lactate shuttling came first in studies of physical exercise where the roles of driver (producer) and recipient (consumer) cells and tissues were obvious. Moreover, the presence of lactate shuttling as part of postprandial glucose disposal and satiety signalling has been recognized. Mitochondrial respiration creates the physiological sink for lactate disposal in vivo. Repeated lactate exposure from regular exercise results in adaptive processes such as mitochondrial biogenesis and other healthful circulatory and neurological characteristics such as improved physical work capacity, metabolic flexibility, learning, and memory. The importance of lactate and lactate shuttling in healthful living is further emphasized when lactate signalling and shuttling are dysregulated as occurs in particular illnesses and injuries. Like a phoenix, lactate has risen to major importance in 21st century biology.
一个世纪过去了，是时候翻开理解乳酸代谢的新篇章了，认识到乳酸穿梭是体内中间代谢的一个重要组成部分。细胞间和细胞内的乳酸穿梭在完全有氧条件下满足能量底物产生和分布以及细胞信号传递的目的。乳酸穿梭的认识首先出现在体育锻炼的研究中，其中驱动（产生）细胞和受体（消耗）细胞和组织的作用是显而易见的。此外，已经认识到乳酸穿梭是餐后葡萄糖处置和饱腹感信号的一部分。线粒体呼吸为体内乳酸处置创造了生理吸收池。经常运动中反复的乳酸暴露会导致适应过程，如线粒体生物发生和其他有益的循环和神经特征，如提高身体工作能力、代谢灵活性、学习和记忆。当乳酸信号和穿梭失调时，如在特定疾病和损伤中发生的那样，乳酸及其穿梭在健康生活中的重要性就更加凸显了。就像凤凰一样，乳酸在 21 世纪生物学中具有重要意义。
