Corvera Silvia
Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA; email:
Annu Rev Physiol. 2021 Feb 10;83:257-278. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-031620-095446.
Adipose tissue depots in distinct anatomical locations mediate key aspects of metabolism, including energy storage, nutrient release, and thermogenesis. Although adipocytes make up more than 90% of adipose tissue volume, they represent less than 50% of its cellular content. Here, I review recent advances in genetic lineage tracing and transcriptomics that reveal the identities of the heterogeneous cell populations constituting mouse and human adipose tissues. In addition to mature adipocytes and their progenitors, these include endothelial and various immune cell types that together orchestrate adipose tissue development and functions. One salient finding is the identification of progenitor subtypes that can modulate adipogenic capacity through paracrine mechanisms. Another is the description of fate trajectories of monocyte/macrophages, which can respond maladaptively to nutritional and thermogenic stimuli, leading to metabolic disease. These studies have generated an extraordinary source of publicly available data that can be leveraged to explore commonalities and differences among experimental models, providing new insights into adipose tissues and their role in metabolic disease.
不同解剖位置的脂肪组织库介导着新陈代谢的关键方面，包括能量储存、营养物质释放和产热。尽管脂肪细胞占脂肪组织体积的90%以上，但它们在细胞成分中所占比例不到50%。在此，我回顾了基因谱系追踪和转录组学的最新进展，这些进展揭示了构成小鼠和人类脂肪组织的异质细胞群体的身份。除了成熟脂肪细胞及其祖细胞外，还包括内皮细胞和各种免疫细胞类型，它们共同协调脂肪组织的发育和功能。一个显著发现是鉴定出了能够通过旁分泌机制调节脂肪生成能力的祖细胞亚型。另一个是对单核细胞/巨噬细胞命运轨迹的描述，它们可能对营养和产热刺激产生适应不良反应，从而导致代谢疾病。这些研究产生了大量可公开获取的数据来源，可用于探索实验模型之间的共性和差异，为脂肪组织及其在代谢疾病中的作用提供了新的见解。
