Department of Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland.
Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Polish Academy of Science, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
Nutrients. 2021 Feb 8;13(2):554. doi: 10.3390/nu13020554.
Caffeic acid is one of the most abundant hydroxycinnamic acids in fruits, vegetables, and beverages. This phenolic compound reaches relevant concentrations in the colon (up to 126 µM) where it could come into contact with the intestinal cells and exert its anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this investigation was to study the capacity of caffeic acid, at plausible concentrations from an in vivo point of view, to modulate mechanisms related to intestinal inflammation. Consequently, we tested the effects of caffeic acid (50-10 µM) on cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression and prostaglandin (PG)E, cytokines, and chemokines (IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 -MCP-1-, and IL-6) biosynthesis in IL-1β-treated human myofibroblasts of the colon, CCD-18Co. Furthermore, the capacity of caffeic acid to inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, to hinder advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation, as well as its antioxidant, reducing, and chelating activity were also investigated. Our results showed that (i) caffeic acid targets COX-2 and its product PGE as well as the biosynthesis of IL-8 in the IL-1β-treated cells and (ii) inhibits AGE formation, which could be related to (iii) the high chelating activity exerted. Low anti-ACE, antioxidant, and reducing capacity of caffeic acid was also observed. These effects of caffeic acid expands our knowledge on anti-inflammatory mechanisms against intestinal inflammation.
咖啡酸是水果、蔬菜和饮料中含量最丰富的羟基肉桂酸之一。这种酚类化合物在结肠中达到相关浓度（高达 126 µM），在那里它可能与肠道细胞接触并发挥其抗炎作用。本研究的目的是研究咖啡酸在体内可能的浓度下，调节与肠道炎症相关的机制的能力。因此，我们测试了咖啡酸（50-10 µM）对环加氧酶（COX）-2 表达和前列腺素（PG）E、细胞因子和趋化因子（IL-8、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1 -MCP-1- 和 IL-6）生物合成的影响在 IL-1β处理的人结肠肌成纤维细胞 CCD-18Co 中。此外，还研究了咖啡酸抑制血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）活性、阻止晚期糖基化终产物（AGE）形成以及其抗氧化、还原和螯合活性的能力。我们的结果表明：（i）咖啡酸靶向 COX-2 及其产物 PGE 以及 IL-1β 处理细胞中 IL-8 的生物合成；（ii）抑制 AGE 形成，这可能与（iii）发挥的高螯合活性有关。还观察到咖啡酸的低抗 ACE、抗氧化和还原能力。咖啡酸的这些作用扩展了我们对针对肠道炎症的抗炎机制的认识。
