Mannucci Carmen, Casciaro Marco, Sorbara Emanuela Elisa, Calapai Fabrizio, Di Salvo Eleonora, Pioggia Giovanni, Navarra Michele, Calapai Gioacchino, Gangemi Sebastiano
Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit and School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Feb 8;10(2):261. doi: 10.3390/antiox10020261.
Antioxidant mechanisms are constituted of enzymes, endogenous, and non-enzymatic, exogenous, which have the role of counterbalancing oxidative stress. Intake of these compounds occurs in the diet. Vegetables, plants, and fruits contain a wide range of alkaloids, polyphenols, and terpenoids which are called "phytochemicals". Most of these substances are responsible for the positive properties of fruits and vegetables, which are an essential part of a healthy life with roles in ameliorating chronic illnesses and favoring longevity. Nutraceuticals are substances contained in a food or fragment of it influencing health with positive effects on health helping in precenting or treating disorders. We conducted a review illustrating the principal applications of nutraceuticals in autoimmune disorders. Literature reported several studies about exogenous dietary antioxidant supplementation in diverse autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. In these pathologies, promising results were obtained in some cases. Positive outcomes were generally associated with a reduction of oxidative stress parameters and a boost to antioxidant systems, and sometimes with anti-inflammatory effects. The administration of exogenous substances through food derivates or dietary supplements following scientific standardization was demonstrated to be effective. Further bias-free and extended studies should be conducted that include ever-increasing oxidative stress biomarkers.
抗氧化机制由酶类（内源性）和非酶类（外源性）组成，它们具有平衡氧化应激的作用。这些化合物可通过饮食摄入。蔬菜、植物和水果含有多种生物碱、多酚和萜类化合物，这些被称为“植物化学物质”。这些物质中的大多数赋予了水果和蔬菜积极的特性，而水果和蔬菜是健康生活的重要组成部分，在改善慢性病和促进长寿方面发挥着作用。营养保健品是食物中所含的物质或其一部分，对健康有积极影响，有助于预防或治疗疾病。我们进行了一项综述，阐述了营养保健品在自身免疫性疾病中的主要应用。文献报道了多项关于在类风湿性关节炎、狼疮、糖尿病和多发性硬化症等多种自身免疫性疾病中补充外源性膳食抗氧化剂的研究。在这些病症中，某些情况下取得了有前景的结果。积极的结果通常与氧化应激参数的降低和抗氧化系统的增强有关，有时还与抗炎作用有关。经科学标准化后，通过食物衍生物或膳食补充剂施用外源性物质被证明是有效的。应该进行进一步的无偏差且范围更广的研究，纳入越来越多的氧化应激生物标志物。
