Department of Quality Management, Faculty of Management and Quality Science, Gdynia Maritime University, Morska 81-87 Str., 81-225 Gdynia, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 8;18(4):1623. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041623.
About three-quarters of food exports from European Union (EU) countries goes to the common market in which the free movement of products is ensured. Therefore, it is important to examine from which EU countries the food is exported, what food products they are, and what hazards may be present in these products. The data for research were obtained for 1999-2018 from the Eurostat database (according to the Standard International Trade Classification-SITC) and the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) database. Then, cluster analysis was performed using joining (tree clustering) and two-way joining methods. The main food exporters were the following countries: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, and the United Kingdom. They exported: cereals, fruits and vegetables, beverages and feeding stuff (in quantitative terms) and fruits and vegetables, meat, dairy products, and cereals (in terms of value). In turn, the most frequently notified hazards in food originating from these countries were: pathogenic micro-organisms, microbial contaminants, metals, composition, foreign bodies, allergens, and pesticide residues. The increase in the number of alert notifications in the RASFF is particularly noticeable in recent years. The results of the research may be useful for activities related to food traceability, changes in the European law, and encouraging the use of extensive methods in agriculture.
欧盟国家约四分之三的食品出口到共同市场，在该市场中确保产品的自由流通。因此，重要的是要研究从哪些欧盟国家出口食品，出口的食品产品是什么，以及这些产品中可能存在哪些危害。研究数据是从 1999 年至 2018 年从欧盟统计局数据库（根据标准国际贸易分类-SITC）和食品和饲料快速警报系统（RASFF）数据库中获得的。然后，使用连接（树聚类）和双向连接方法进行聚类分析。主要的食品出口国如下：比利时、法国、德国、意大利、荷兰、西班牙和英国。他们出口的是：谷物、水果和蔬菜、饮料和饲料（按数量）以及水果和蔬菜、肉类、奶制品和谷物（按价值）。反过来，源自这些国家的食品中最常通报的危害是：致病微生物、微生物污染物、金属、成分、异物、过敏原和农药残留。RASFF 中警报通知数量的增加在近年来尤为明显。研究结果可用于与食品可追溯性相关的活动、欧洲法律的变化以及鼓励在农业中广泛使用方法。
