Institute of Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403
J Neurosci. 2021 Feb 10;41(6):1119-1129. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1143-20.2020.
The ability to sense the world, process information, and navigate the environment depends on the assembly and continuous function of neural circuits in the brain. Within the past two decades, new technologies have rapidly advanced our understanding of how neural circuits are wired during development and how they are stably maintained, often for years. Electron microscopy reconstructions of model organism connectomes have provided a map of the stereotyped (and variable) connections in the brain; advanced light microscopy techniques have enabled direct observation of the cellular dynamics that underlie circuit construction and maintenance; transcriptomic and proteomic surveys of both developing and mature neurons have provided insights into the molecular and genetic programs governing circuit establishment and maintenance; and advanced genetic techniques have allowed for high-throughput discovery of wiring regulators. These tools have empowered scientists to rapidly generate and test hypotheses about how circuits establish and maintain connectivity. Thus, the set of principles governing circuit formation and maintenance have been expanded. These principles are discussed in this review.
感知世界、处理信息和导航环境的能力取决于大脑中神经回路的组装和持续功能。在过去的二十年中，新技术迅速推进了我们对神经回路在发育过程中如何连接以及它们如何稳定维持（通常是多年）的理解。模型生物连接组学的电子显微镜重建提供了大脑中刻板（和可变）连接的图谱；先进的光学显微镜技术使我们能够直接观察到构成和维持回路的细胞动力学；对发育中和成熟神经元的转录组和蛋白质组学调查提供了关于控制回路建立和维持的分子和遗传程序的见解；而先进的遗传技术则允许高通量发现布线调节剂。这些工具使科学家能够快速生成和测试关于电路如何建立和保持连接的假设。因此，支配电路形成和维持的原则已经扩展。在这篇综述中讨论了这些原则。
