Filipović Nenad, Ušjak Dušan, Milenković Marina T, Zheng Kai, Liverani Liliana, Boccaccini Aldo R, Stevanović Magdalena M
Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021 Jan 25;8:624621. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.624621. eCollection 2020.
Although selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have gained attention in the scientific community mostly through investigation of their anticancer activity, a great potential of this nanomaterial was recognized recently regarding its antimicrobial activity. The particle form, size, and surface chemistry have been recognized as crucial parameters determining the interaction of nanomaterials with biological entities. Furthermore, considering a narrow boundary between beneficial and toxic effects for selenium per se, it is clear that investigations of biomedical applications of SeNPs are very demanding and must be done with great precautions. The goal of this work is to evaluate the effects of SeNPs surface chemistry and structure on antimicrobial activity against several common bacterial strains, including (ATCC 6538), (ATCC 29212), (ATCC 6633), and (ATCC 9341), as well as (ATCC 8739), Abony (NCTC 6017), (NCIMB 9111) and (ATCC 9027), and the standard yeast strain (ATCC 10231). Three types of SeNPs were synthesized by chemical reduction approach using different stabilizers and reducing agents: (i) bovine serum albumin (BSA) + ascorbic acid, (ii) chitosan + ascorbic acid, and (iii) with glucose. A thorough physicochemical characterization of the obtained SeNPs was performed to determine the effects of varying synthesis parameters on their morphology, size, structure, and surface chemistry. All SeNPs were amorphous, with spherical morphology and size in the range 70-300 nm. However, the SeNPs obtained under different synthesis conditions, i.e. by using different stabilizers as well as reducing agents, exhibited different antimicrobial activity as well as cytotoxicity which are crucial for their applications. In this paper, the antimicrobial screening of the selected systems is presented, which was determined by the broth microdilution method, and inhibitory influence on the production of monomicrobial and dual-species biofilm was evaluated. The potential mechanism of action of different systems is proposed. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of SeNPs was examined on the MRC-5 cell line, in the same concentration interval as for antimicrobial testing. It was shown that formulation SeNPs-BSA expressed a significantly lower cytotoxic effect than the other two formulations.
尽管硒纳米颗粒（SeNPs）在科学界主要是通过对其抗癌活性的研究而受到关注，但最近人们认识到这种纳米材料在抗菌活性方面具有巨大潜力。颗粒形态、尺寸和表面化学已被认为是决定纳米材料与生物实体相互作用的关键参数。此外，考虑到硒本身有益和有毒作用之间的界限很窄，显然对SeNPs生物医学应用的研究要求很高，必须极其谨慎地进行。这项工作的目的是评估SeNPs的表面化学和结构对几种常见细菌菌株抗菌活性的影响，这些菌株包括金黄色葡萄球菌（ATCC 6538）、大肠杆菌（ATCC 29212）、白色念珠菌（ATCC 6633）和枯草芽孢杆菌（ATCC 9341），以及绿脓杆菌（ATCC 8739）、阿博尼假单胞菌（NCTC 6017）、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌（NCIMB 9111）和热带假丝酵母（ATCC 9027），还有标准酵母菌株酿酒酵母（ATCC 10231）。通过使用不同的稳定剂和还原剂，采用化学还原法合成了三种类型的SeNPs：（i）牛血清白蛋白（BSA）+抗坏血酸，（ii）壳聚糖+抗坏血酸，以及（iii）与葡萄糖。对获得的SeNPs进行了全面的物理化学表征，以确定不同合成参数对其形态、尺寸、结构和表面化学的影响。所有SeNPs都是无定形的，具有球形形态，尺寸在70 - 300 nm范围内。然而，在不同合成条件下获得的SeNPs，即通过使用不同的稳定剂以及还原剂，表现出不同的抗菌活性和细胞毒性，这对它们的应用至关重要。本文介绍了所选体系的抗菌筛选，通过肉汤微量稀释法进行测定，并评估了对单一微生物和双物种生物膜产生的抑制影响。提出了不同体系的潜在作用机制。此外，在与抗菌测试相同的浓度区间内，在MRC - 5细胞系上检测了SeNPs的细胞毒性。结果表明，SeNPs - BSA制剂的细胞毒性明显低于其他两种制剂。
