Grudniak Anna, Folcik Julia, Szmytke Jakub, Sentkowska Aleksandra
Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2025 Mar 6;20:2797-2811. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S507712. eCollection 2025.
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) show high therapeutic potential. SeNPs obtained by green synthesis methods, using commonly available plants, are an attractive alternative to nanoparticles obtained by classical, chemical methods. The green synthesis process uses environmentally friendly reagents, which offer an eco-friendly advantage. Clarifying their mechanism of action is key to their safe use.
The study used SeNPs obtained using extracts of sage, hops, blackberry, raspberry, and lemon balm, without the use of additional stabilizers, and nanoparticles chemically obtained with ascorbic acid and gallic acid, stabilized with polyvinyl alcohol. The study was carried out on a model strain of Escherichia coli. In the study, the activities of the key enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the response of bacterial cells to osmotic shock were determined.
One of the key mechanisms of action of SeNPs is related to the formation of ROS in bacterial cells. The SeNPs tested showed strong inhibition of CAT, an enzyme crucial for bacterial cells that is involved in the removal of hydrogen peroxide. The tested SeNPs also had an effect on reducing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which is also involved in the removal of reactive oxygen species from cells. Green SeNPs were also shown to be involved in the cellular response to osmotic shock, confirming their pleiotropic mechanism of action in bacterial cells.
NPs synthesized via green methods exhibit antibacterial activity against E. coli. The green synthesis process employs environmentally friendly reagents, offering a pro-ecological advantage. Notably, these nanoparticles are strongly stabilized by the post-reaction mixture, eliminating the need for toxic stabilizers. Their antimicrobial mechanism involves ROS generation, catalase (CAT) inhibition, and reduced SOD activity, affecting ROS defense and by disrupting the cellular response to osmotic shock.
硒纳米颗粒（SeNPs）具有很高的治疗潜力。通过绿色合成方法，使用常见植物获得的SeNPs是通过经典化学方法获得的纳米颗粒的有吸引力的替代品。绿色合成过程使用环境友好型试剂，具有生态友好优势。阐明其作用机制是安全使用它们的关键。
本研究使用了通过鼠尾草、啤酒花、黑莓、覆盆子和香蜂草提取物获得的SeNPs，未使用额外的稳定剂，以及用抗坏血酸和没食子酸化学合成并用聚乙烯醇稳定的纳米颗粒。研究在大肠杆菌的模型菌株上进行。在研究中，测定了关键酶过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性以及细菌细胞对渗透压休克的反应。
SeNPs的关键作用机制之一与细菌细胞中活性氧（ROS）的形成有关。测试的SeNPs对CAT表现出强烈抑制作用，CAT是细菌细胞中参与去除过氧化氢的关键酶。测试的SeNPs还对降低超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性有影响，SOD也参与从细胞中去除活性氧。绿色SeNPs还被证明参与细胞对渗透压休克的反应，证实了它们在细菌细胞中的多效作用机制。
通过绿色方法合成的纳米颗粒对大肠杆菌具有抗菌活性。绿色合成过程采用环境友好型试剂，具有生态优势。值得注意的是，这些纳米颗粒通过反应后混合物得到了强烈稳定，无需使用有毒稳定剂。它们的抗菌机制涉及ROS生成、过氧化氢酶（CAT）抑制和SOD活性降低，影响ROS防御并破坏细胞对渗透压休克的反应。
