David A. Loewenstein, PhD, ABPP-CN; Director, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging; Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Professor of Neurology; University of Miami, 1695 NW 9th Ave, Suite 3202, Miami, FL 33136;
J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2021;8(2):181-187. doi: 10.14283/jpad.2021.3.
Difficulties in inhibition and self-monitoring are early features of incipient Alzheimer's disease and may manifest as susceptibility to proactive semantic interference. However, due to limitations of traditional memory assessment paradigms, recovery from interference effects following repeated learning opportunities has not been explored.
This study employed a novel computerized list learning test consisting of repeated learning trials to assess recovery from proactive and retroactive semantic interference.
The design was cross-sectional.
Participants were recruited from the community as part of a longitudinal study on normal and abnormal aging.
The sample consisted of 46 cognitively normal individuals and 30 participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.
Participants were administered the Cognitive Stress Test and traditional neuropsychological measures. Step-wise logistic regression was applied to determine which Cognitive Stress Test measures best discriminated between diagnostic groups. This was followed by receiver operating characteristic analyses.
Cued A3 recall, Cued B3 recall and Cued B2 intrusions were all independent predictors of diagnostic status. The overall predictive utility of the model yielded 75.9% sensitivity, 91.1% specificity, and an overall correct classification rate of 85.1%. When these variables were jointly entered into receiver operating characteristic analyses, the area under the curve was .923 (p<.001).
This novel paradigm's use of repeated learning trials offers a unique opportunity to assess recovery from proactive and retroactive semantic interference. Participants with mild cognitive impairment exhibited a continued failure to recover from proactive interference that could not be explained by mere learning deficits.
抑制和自我监控困难是早期阿尔茨海默病的特征，可能表现为易受主动语义干扰的影响。然而，由于传统记忆评估范式的局限性，在重复学习机会后，从干扰效应中恢复的情况尚未得到探索。
本研究采用一种新的计算机列表学习测试，包括重复学习试验，以评估主动和回溯语义干扰的恢复情况。
该设计为横断面研究。
参与者是从社区招募的，作为正常和异常衰老纵向研究的一部分。
样本包括 46 名认知正常个体和 30 名遗忘型轻度认知障碍患者。
参与者接受认知应激测试和传统神经心理学测试。逐步逻辑回归用于确定哪些认知应激测试指标最能区分诊断组。然后进行受试者工作特征分析。
线索 A3 回忆、线索 B3 回忆和线索 B2 内隐错误都是诊断状态的独立预测因子。该模型的总体预测效用得出 75.9%的敏感性、91.1%的特异性和 85.1%的总体正确分类率。当这些变量共同纳入受试者工作特征分析时，曲线下面积为.923（p<.001）。
该新范式使用重复学习试验为评估主动和回溯语义干扰的恢复提供了独特的机会。轻度认知障碍患者表现出持续无法从主动干扰中恢复的情况，这不能仅仅用学习缺陷来解释。
