Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Dr N.T.R. College of Agricultural Engineering, Bapatla, India.
College of Food Science and Technology, Pulivendula, India.
J Sci Food Agric. 2021 Sep;101(12):5089-5096. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.11154. Epub 2021 Mar 11.
Jatropha is an oilseed crop with high kernel oil (55-58%) and protein (26-29%) contents, which makes it a good source of biodiesel and animal/aqua-feed. However, the presence of anti-nutritional toxins, such as phorbol esters, lectins, trypsin inhibitor, phytate, and saponins, restricts its use as feed. This paper describes chemical, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and biological treatments for detoxification of jatropha kernel meal. Raw, defatted, and one-time and two-times mechanically expressed oil samples were analyzed for toxins. Chemical treatment involved heating with 90% methanol and 4% sodium hydroxide. UV treatment was carried out at UV light intensity of 53.4 mW cm for 30 min. For biological treatment, cell-free extract from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (strain PAO1) was mixed with kernel meal for detoxification.
Among treatments, chemical treatment was most effective in reducing all toxins, with phorbol esters in the range 0.034-0.052 mg g , lectin 0.082-10.766 mg g , trypsin inhibitor 10.499-11.350 mg g , phytate 2.475-5.769 mg g , and saponins 0.044-0.098 mg g . Biological treatment reduced all toxins except phytate, whereas UV treatment could not reduce any of toxins and, hence, cannot be used for aqua-feed preparation. Pellets prepared from chemically detoxified kernel meal with the least oil content (defatted) resulted in the highest strength (70.93 N).
Chemically treated jatropha kernel meal can be used for aqua-feed pellet preparation because of its low toxin content. The highest compressive strength was obtained for pellets with the least oil content (defatted). Biological treatment time must have been extended for many hours instead of 24 h. Jatropha kernel meal treated chemically can be recommended for aqua-feed manufacturing. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
麻疯树是一种含油量高（55-58%）、蛋白质含量高（26-29%）的油籽作物，是生物柴油和动物/水产饲料的良好来源。然而，由于存在抗营养毒素，如佛波醇酯、凝集素、胰蛋白酶抑制剂、植酸和皂角苷，限制了其作为饲料的使用。本文介绍了麻疯树仁粕的化学、紫外线（UV）辐射和生物处理方法用于脱毒。分析了生的、脱油的、一次和两次机械压榨的油样中的毒素。化学处理包括用 90%甲醇和 4%氢氧化钠加热。UV 处理在 53.4 mW·cm 的紫外光强度下进行 30 分钟。对于生物处理，将铜绿假单胞菌（PAO1 株）的无细胞提取物与仁粕混合进行解毒。
在各种处理中，化学处理对降低所有毒素最为有效，佛波醇酯的范围为 0.034-0.052 mg·g，凝集素为 0.082-10.766 mg·g，胰蛋白酶抑制剂为 10.499-11.350 mg·g，植酸为 2.475-5.769 mg·g，皂角苷为 0.044-0.098 mg·g。生物处理降低了除植酸以外的所有毒素，而 UV 处理不能降低任何毒素，因此不能用于水产饲料的制备。用含油量最低（脱油）的化学脱毒麻疯树仁粕制备的颗粒具有最高的强度（70.93 N）。
化学处理后的麻疯树仁粕由于毒素含量低，可用于水产饲料颗粒的制备。含油量最低（脱油）的颗粒获得的抗压强度最高。生物处理时间必须延长许多小时，而不是 24 小时。经化学处理的麻疯树仁粕可推荐用于水产饲料的生产。 © 2021 化学工业协会。
