Carbas Bruna, Simões Daniela, Soares Andreia, Freitas Andreia, Ferreira Bruno, Carvalho Alexandre R F, Silva Ana Sanches, Pinto Tiago, Diogo Eugénio, Andrade Eugénia, Brites Carla
National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Av. da República, Quinta do Marquês, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (CITAB-UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Foods. 2021 Feb 9;10(2):375. doi: 10.3390/foods10020375.
Maize is an important worldwide commodity susceptible to fungal contamination in the field, at harvest, and during storage. This work aimed to determine the occurrence of spp. in maize grains produced in the Tagus Valley region of Portugal and the levels of related mycotoxins in the 2018 harvest and during their storage for six months in barrels, mimicking silos conditions. Continuous monitoring of temperature, CO, and relative humidity levels were done, as well as the concentration of mycotoxins were evaluated and correlated with the presence of spp. was identified as the predominant species. Zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and toxin T2 were not found at harvest and after storage. Maize grains showed some variability in the levels of fumonisins (Fum B1 and Fum B2). At the harvest, fumonisin B1 ranged from 1297 to 2037 µg/kg, and fumonisin B2 ranged from 411 to 618 µg/kg. Fumonisins showed a tendency to increase (20 to 40%) during six months of storage. Although a correlation between the levels of fumonisins and the monitoring parameters was not established, CO levels may be used to predict fungal activity during storage. The composition of the fungal population during storage may predict the incidence of mycotoxins.
玉米是一种重要的全球大宗商品，在田间、收获时以及储存期间容易受到真菌污染。这项工作旨在确定葡萄牙塔霍河谷地区生产的玉米籽粒中 spp. 的存在情况，以及 2018 年收获的玉米及其在模拟筒仓条件下于桶中储存六个月期间相关霉菌毒素的含量水平。对温度、一氧化碳和相对湿度水平进行了连续监测，同时评估了霉菌毒素的浓度，并将其与 spp. 的存在情况相关联。 被确定为主要的 物种。收获时和储存后均未检测到玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和 T2 毒素。玉米籽粒中伏马毒素（伏马毒素 B1 和伏马毒素 B2）的含量存在一定差异。收获时，伏马毒素 B1 的含量范围为 1297 至 2037 µg/kg，伏马毒素 B2 的含量范围为 411 至 618 µg/kg。伏马毒素在储存六个月期间有增加的趋势（20% 至 40%）。虽然未确定伏马毒素含量与监测参数之间的相关性，但一氧化碳水平可用于预测储存期间的真菌活性。储存期间真菌种群的组成可能预示霉菌毒素的发生率。
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