Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo 121103, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz-Str. 20, A-3430 Tulln, Austria.
Toxins (Basel). 2021 Sep 9;13(9):635. doi: 10.3390/toxins13090635.
This study characterized the health risks due to the consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated foods and assessed the consumer awareness level of mycotoxins in households in two north-central Nigerian states during the harvest and storage seasons of 2018. Twenty-six mycotoxins and 121 other microbial and plant metabolites were quantified by LC-MS/MS in 250 samples of cereals, nuts and legumes. Aflatoxins were detected in all food types (cowpea, maize, peanut and sorghum) except in millet. Aflatoxin B was the most prevalent mycotoxin in peanut (64%) and rice (57%), while fumonisin B occurred most in maize (93%) and beauvericin in sorghum (71%). The total aflatoxin concentration was highest in peanut (max: 8422 µg/kg; mean: 1281 µg/kg) and rice (max: 955 µg/kg; mean: 94 µg/kg), whereas the totals of the B-type fumonisins and citrinin were highest in maize (max: 68,204 µg/kg; mean: 2988 µg/kg) and sorghum (max: 1335 µg/kg; mean: 186 µg/kg), respectively. Citrinin levels also reached 51,195 µg/kg (mean: 2343 µg/kg) in maize. Aflatoxin and citrinin concentrations in maize were significantly ( < 0.05) higher during storage than at harvest. The estimated chronic exposures to aflatoxins, citrinin and fumonisins were high, resulting in as much as 247 new liver cancer cases/year/100,000 population and risks of nephrotoxicity and esophageal cancer, respectively. Children who consumed the foods were the most vulnerable. Mycotoxin co-occurrence was evident, which could increase the health risk of the outcomes. Awareness of mycotoxin issues was generally low among the households.
本研究描述了食用受真菌毒素污染食物的健康风险，并评估了 2018 年收获和储存季节尼日利亚中北部两个州家庭对真菌毒素的认知水平。通过 LC-MS/MS 在 250 份谷物、坚果和豆类样本中定量了 26 种真菌毒素和 121 种其他微生物和植物代谢物。在所有食物类型（豇豆、玉米、花生和高粱）中都检测到了黄曲霉毒素，除了小米。黄曲霉毒素 B 在花生（64%）和大米（57%）中最为普遍，而伏马菌素 B 在玉米（93%）中最为普遍，而 beauvericin 在高粱（71%）中最为普遍。花生（最高：8422 µg/kg；平均：1281 µg/kg）和大米（最高：955 µg/kg；平均：94 µg/kg）中总黄曲霉毒素浓度最高，而玉米（最高：68204 µg/kg；平均：2988 µg/kg）和高粱（最高：1335 µg/kg；平均：186 µg/kg）中 B 型伏马菌素和桔青霉素的总量最高。玉米中桔青霉素水平也达到 51195 µg/kg（平均：2343 µg/kg）。与收获时相比，储存期间玉米中黄曲霉毒素和桔青霉素的浓度明显（<0.05）升高。估计慢性暴露于黄曲霉毒素、桔青霉素和伏马菌素的水平很高，导致每年每 10 万人中有多达 247 例新的肝癌病例，并分别存在肾毒性和食道癌的风险。食用这些食物的儿童是最脆弱的群体。真菌毒素的共同存在明显增加了健康风险。家庭对真菌毒素问题的认识普遍较低。
