Vandicke Jonas, De Visschere Katrien, Croubels Siska, De Saeger Sarah, Audenaert Kris, Haesaert Geert
Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Biosciences and Food Sciences Department, Faculty Science and Technology, University College Ghent, Research Station HoGent-UGent, Diepestraat 1, 9820 Bottelare, Belgium.
Microorganisms. 2019 Nov 18;7(11):571. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7110571.
Mycotoxins are well-known contaminants of several food- and feedstuffs, including silage maize for dairy cattle. Climate change and year-to-year variations in climatic conditions may cause a shift in the fungal populations infecting maize, and therefore alter the mycotoxin load. In this research, 257 maize samples were taken from fields across Flanders, Belgium, over the course of three years (2016-2018) and analyzed for 22 different mycotoxins using a multi-mycotoxin liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. DNA of , and was quantified using the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Multi-mycotoxin contamination occurred frequently, with 47% of samples containing five or more mycotoxins. Nivalenol (NIV) was the most prevalent mycotoxin, being present in 99% of the samples, followed by deoxynivalenol (DON) in 86% and zearalenone (ZEN) in 50% of the samples. Fumonisins (FUMs) were found in only 2% of the samples in the wet, cold year of 2016, but in 61% in the extremely hot and dry year of 2018. Positive correlations were found between DON and NIV and between and , among others. FUM concentrations were not correlated with any other mycotoxin, nor with any sp., except . These results show that changing weather conditions can influence fungal populations and the corresponding mycotoxin contamination of maize significantly, and that multi-mycotoxin contamination increases the risk of mycotoxicosis in dairy cattle.
霉菌毒素是几种食品和饲料中的著名污染物，包括用于奶牛的青贮玉米。气候变化和气候条件的逐年变化可能导致感染玉米的真菌种群发生变化，从而改变霉菌毒素含量。在本研究中，在三年（2016 - 2018年）期间从比利时弗拉芒地区的田间采集了257份玉米样品，并使用多霉菌毒素液相色谱 - 串联质谱（LC - MS/MS）方法分析了22种不同的霉菌毒素。使用定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）对 、 和 的DNA进行了定量。多霉菌毒素污染频繁发生，47%的样品含有五种或更多种霉菌毒素。雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（NIV）是最普遍的霉菌毒素，存在于99%的样品中，其次是脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON），存在于86%的样品中，玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）存在于50%的样品中。伏马毒素（FUMs）仅在2016年潮湿寒冷的年份的2%的样品中被发现，但在2018年极热干旱的年份中在61%的样品中被发现。在DON和NIV之间以及 和 之间等发现了正相关。FUM浓度与任何其他霉菌毒素均无相关性，也与除 之外的任何 种无相关性。这些结果表明，不断变化的天气条件可显著影响玉米的真菌种群和相应的霉菌毒素污染，并且多霉菌毒素污染增加了奶牛发生霉菌毒素中毒的风险。
