Szpręgiel Izabela, Wrońska Danuta, Kmiecik Michał, Pałka Sylwia, Kania Bogdan F
Department of Animal Physiology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
Department of Genetics, Animal Breeding and Ethology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Feb 9;11(2):455. doi: 10.3390/ani11020455.
Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is an enzyme that catalyses the formation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter, from glutamic acid (Glu), which is considered the most important excitatory transmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems. GAD is a key enzyme that provides a balance between Glu and GABA concentration. Hence, it can be assumed that if the GAD executes the synthesis of GABA from Glu, it is important in the stress response, and thus also in triggering the emotional states of the body that accompany stress. The aim of the study was to investigate the concentration of the GAD in motivational structures in the brain of the rabbit () under altered homeostatic conditions caused by stress and variable availability of Glu. Summarising, the experimental results clearly showed variable concentrations of GAD in the motivational structures of the rabbit brain. The highest concentration of GAD was found in the hypothalamus, which suggests a strong effect of Glu and GABA on the activity of this brain structure. The GAD concentrations in individual experimental groups depended to a greater extent on blocking the activity of glutamate receptors than on the effects of a single stress exposure. The results obtained clearly support the possibility that a rapid change in the concentration of GAD could shift bodily responses to quickly achieve homeostasis, especially in this species. Further studies are necessary to reveal the role of the Glu-GAD-GABA system in the modulation of stress situations as well as in body homeostasis.
谷氨酸脱羧酶（GAD）是一种催化从谷氨酸（Glu）形成γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）的酶，GABA是最重要的抑制性神经递质，而Glu被认为是中枢和外周神经系统中最重要的兴奋性递质。GAD是一种关键酶，可在Glu和GABA浓度之间实现平衡。因此，可以假设，如果GAD执行从Glu合成GABA的过程，那么它在应激反应中很重要，进而在引发伴随应激的身体情绪状态方面也很重要。本研究的目的是调查在由应激和Glu的可变可用性引起的内环境稳态改变的情况下，家兔大脑动机结构中GAD的浓度。总之，实验结果清楚地表明家兔大脑动机结构中GAD的浓度存在变化。在下丘脑中发现GAD的浓度最高，这表明Glu和GABA对该脑结构的活动有强烈影响。各个实验组中的GAD浓度在更大程度上取决于谷氨酸受体活性的阻断，而不是取决于单次应激暴露的影响。获得的结果清楚地支持了这样一种可能性，即GAD浓度的快速变化可能会改变身体反应以迅速实现内环境稳态，尤其是在这个物种中。有必要进行进一步的研究，以揭示Glu-GAD-GABA系统在调节应激情况以及身体内环境稳态中的作用。
