Wierup Martin, Wahlström Helene, Bengtsson Björn
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
National Veterinary Institute (SVA), 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2021 Jan 29;10(2):129. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10020129.
The misuse and overuse of antibiotics have resulted in an alarmingly high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in human and animal bacteria. European monitoring programmes show that AMR occurrence in food animals is lower in Sweden than in most other EU Member States and that the use of antibiotics for animals is among the lowest in Europe. In this retrospective country case study, we analysed published documents to identify factors contributing to this favourable situation. A fundamental factor identified was early insight into and sustained awareness of the risks of AMR and the need for the prudent use of antibiotics. Early and continuous access to data on antibiotic use and AMR made it possible to focus activities on areas of concern. Another factor identified was the long-term control and eradication of infectious animal diseases, including coordinated activities against endemic diseases, which reduced the need to use antibiotics. Structures and strategies for that purpose established at the national level have since proven useful in counteracting AMR as an integral part of disease prevention and control, guided by a "prevention is better than cure" approach. A third factor identified was consensus among stakeholders on the need to address AMR and their cooperation in the design and implementation of measures.
抗生素的滥用和过度使用已导致人类和动物细菌中抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）的流行率高得惊人。欧洲监测项目表明，瑞典食用动物中AMR的发生率低于大多数其他欧盟成员国，且该国动物用抗生素的使用量在欧洲处于最低水平。在这项回顾性国别案例研究中，我们分析了已发表的文献，以确定促成这一有利局面的因素。确定的一个基本因素是对AMR风险以及谨慎使用抗生素的必要性有早期认识并持续保持警惕。早期且持续获取抗生素使用和AMR的数据，使得能够将活动重点放在关注领域。另一个确定的因素是对动物传染病的长期控制和根除，包括针对地方病的协调活动，这减少了使用抗生素的必要性。自那时起，在国家层面为此目的建立的结构和战略已被证明在作为疾病预防和控制的一个组成部分应对AMR方面很有用，其遵循“预防胜于治疗”的方法。确定的第三个因素是利益相关者在应对AMR的必要性以及在措施设计和实施方面的合作上达成了共识。
