Dayie Nicholas T K D, Osei Mary-Magdalene, Opintan Japheth A, Tetteh-Quarcoo Patience B, Kotey Fleischer C N, Ahenkorah John, Adutwum-Ofosu Kevin Kofi, Egyir Beverly, Donkor Eric S
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, P.O. Box KB 4236 Accra, Ghana.
FleRhoLife Research Consult, P.O. Box TS 853 Accra, Ghana.
Pathogens. 2021 Jan 29;10(2):136. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10020136.
This cross-sectional study investigated the and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) nasopharyngeal carriage epidemiology in Accra approximately five years post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccines introduction in the country. Archived nasopharyngeal swabs collected from 410 children aged under five years old were bacteriologically cultured. The resultant isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and screening for carriage of the and () genes, following standard procedures. The data obtained were analyzed with Statistical Products and Services Solutions (SPSS) using descriptive statistics and Chi square tests of associations. The isolated bacteria decreased across coagulase-negative Staphylococci (47.3%, = 194), (23.2%, = 95), Diphtheroids (5.4%, = 22), species (3.7%, = 15), (3.2%, = 13), species and species (1.5% each, = 6), , species, and species (0.9% each, = 2). The MRSA carriage prevalence was 0.49% ( = 2). Individuals aged 37-48 months recorded the highest proportion of carriage (32.6%, 31/95). Resistance of to the antibiotics tested were penicillin G (97.9%, = 93), amoxiclav (20%, = 19), tetracycline (18.9%, = 18), erythromycin (5.3%, = 5), ciprofloxacin (2.1%, = 2), gentamicin (1.1%, = 1), cotrimoxazole, clindamycin, linezolid, and teicoplanin (0% each). No inducible clindamycin resistance was observed for the erythromycin-resistant isolates. Three (3.2%) of the isolates were multidrug resistant, of which 66.7% (2/3) were MRSA. The gene was associated with 59.14% (55/93) of the methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) isolates, but was not detected among any of the MRSA isolates.
这项横断面研究调查了在该国引入肺炎球菌结合疫苗约五年后，阿克拉地区肺炎链球菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的鼻咽部携带情况的流行病学。对从410名五岁以下儿童收集的存档鼻咽拭子进行了细菌培养。按照标准程序，对所得的肺炎链球菌分离株进行了抗菌药物敏感性测试，并筛查了肺炎链球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌（SA）的基因携带情况。使用统计产品与服务解决方案（SPSS）对获得的数据进行分析，采用描述性统计和卡方关联检验。分离出的细菌中，凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌占比下降（47.3%，n = 194），肺炎链球菌（23.2%，n = 95），类白喉杆菌（5.4%，n = 22），奈瑟菌属（3.7%，n = 15），卡他莫拉菌（3.2%，n = 13），莫拉菌属和不动杆菌属（各1.5%，n = 6），金黄色葡萄球菌、微球菌属和棒状杆菌属（各0.9%，n = 2）。MRSA携带率为0.49%（n = 2）。年龄在37 - 48个月的个体肺炎链球菌携带比例最高（32.6%，31/95）。肺炎链球菌对所测试抗生素的耐药情况为：青霉素G（97.9%，n = 93），阿莫西林克拉维酸（20%，n = 19），四环素（18.9%，n = 18），红霉素（5.3%，n = 5），环丙沙星（2.1%，n = 2），庆大霉素（1.1%，n = ），复方新诺明、克林霉素、利奈唑胺和替考拉宁（各0%）。对红霉素耐药的分离株未观察到诱导型克林霉素耐药。3株（3.2%）分离株为多重耐药，其中66.7%（2/3）为MRSA。mecA基因与59.14%（55/93）的甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌（MSSA）分离株相关，但在任何MRSA分离株中均未检测到。
